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Key Historical Religious Events
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The conquest of Mecca by Muhammad and his followers.
Islam; solidified Islam's power in Arabia and led to the Islamization of the Arabian Peninsula.
The Battle of Tours stopping the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
Islam and Christianity; marked the limit of rapid Islamic territorial expansion into Europe.
The founding of Islam by the Prophet Muhammad.
Islam; marked the beginning of a major world religion and a new civilization in the Middle East.
The Protestant Reformation initiated by Martin Luther.
Christianity; led to the creation of Protestant denominations and reshaped religious and political Europe.
The Council of Nicaea and the creation of the Nicene Creed.
Christianity; defined orthodox Christian beliefs and combated heresies.
The Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) reforms.
Christianity; modernized the Catholic Church and promoted ecumenism.
The construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem by King Solomon.
Judaism; a central place of worship for the Jewish people and a symbol of their faith.
The Diet of Worms and the excommunication of Martin Luther.
Christianity; marked the definitive break from the Catholic Church and the spread of Protestant Reformation.
The life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.
Christianity; provided the foundation for the religion and influenced the course of Western history.
The enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha).
Buddhism; the beginning of Buddhist teachings and enlightenment philosophy.
The Great Schism, the division between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.
Christianity; it resulted in two separate branches of Christianity with different practices, leaders, and doctrines.
The Edict of Milan granting religious tolerance for Christianity.
Christianity; ended the persecution of Christians and the beginning of Christianity's growth as a major religion in the Roman Empire.
The First Crusade and the capture of Jerusalem.
Christianity and Islam; led to centuries of conflict between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land.
The destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans.
Judaism; led to the Jewish diaspora and the practice of Rabbinic Judaism.
The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent.
Christianity; Counter-Reformation efforts to reform the Catholic Church and clarify Catholic doctrine.
The compilation of the Talmud.
Judaism; central to Jewish law, theology, and tradition.
The crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth.
Christianity; central to Christian belief in the atonement of sins.
The establishment of the Hindu caste system.
Hinduism; structured Indian society and influenced social dynamics.
The division of Islam into Sunni and Shia branches.
Islam; created a lasting split within the Muslim community over the rightful successor to Muhammad.
The migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Hijra).
Islam; marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the establishment of the first Muslim community.
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