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Religion and the State
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United States
Separation of church and state, with the First Amendment ensuring freedom of religion.
Turkey
Secular republic with no state religion; religious influence on the state has been historically reduced since the establishment of modern Turkey.
Pakistan
The Islamic Republic with Islam as the state religion; legal system incorporates both Islamic and secular laws.
Egypt
Islam is the state religion with Islamic jurisprudence influencing the legal system, but there's a degree of secular governance.
Thailand
Buddhism is the state religion with the king as its patron, but there is freedom of religion for other practices.
Iran
Islamic Republic where the legal system is based on Islamic law (Sharia).
Saudi Arabia
Islam is the state religion and Islamic law (Sharia) is the basis of the legal system.
Brazil
Secular state with no official religion, but religious symbols are common in government buildings due to historical influence.
India
Secular state with no official state religion; the country has a pluralistic society with a Hindu majority.
United Kingdom
Established church in England (Anglicanism) with the monarch as its Supreme Governor, but remains a secular state.
France
Laïcité principle denotes the separation of church and state, prohibiting religious influence in government affairs.
Norway
Formerly a Lutheran state church, it is now separated from the state, although the Constitution recognizes Lutheran Christianity.
Greece
Eastern Orthodoxy is recognized as the 'prevailing religion' of the country, but there is a separation of church and state.
Vatican City
Theocracy where the Pope is the sovereign of the state; Catholic law governs the city.
Israel
Although Jewish heritage influences laws, the country is a secular democratic state with no official religion.
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