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Religion and the State

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Saudi Arabia

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Islam is the state religion and Islamic law (Sharia) is the basis of the legal system.

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United States

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Separation of church and state, with the First Amendment ensuring freedom of religion.

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India

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Secular state with no official state religion; the country has a pluralistic society with a Hindu majority.

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Iran

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Islamic Republic where the legal system is based on Islamic law (Sharia).

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Vatican City

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Theocracy where the Pope is the sovereign of the state; Catholic law governs the city.

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Israel

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Although Jewish heritage influences laws, the country is a secular democratic state with no official religion.

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United Kingdom

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Established church in England (Anglicanism) with the monarch as its Supreme Governor, but remains a secular state.

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Pakistan

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The Islamic Republic with Islam as the state religion; legal system incorporates both Islamic and secular laws.

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France

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Laïcité principle denotes the separation of church and state, prohibiting religious influence in government affairs.

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Egypt

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Islam is the state religion with Islamic jurisprudence influencing the legal system, but there's a degree of secular governance.

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Brazil

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Secular state with no official religion, but religious symbols are common in government buildings due to historical influence.

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Norway

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Formerly a Lutheran state church, it is now separated from the state, although the Constitution recognizes Lutheran Christianity.

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Turkey

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Secular republic with no state religion; religious influence on the state has been historically reduced since the establishment of modern Turkey.

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Greece

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Eastern Orthodoxy is recognized as the 'prevailing religion' of the country, but there is a separation of church and state.

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Thailand

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Buddhism is the state religion with the king as its patron, but there is freedom of religion for other practices.

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