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Modern Religious Movements
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Pentecostalism
Origins: Early 20th century in the United States. Beliefs: Direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. Current Status: One of the fastest-growing segments of Christianity with significant presence worldwide.
Scientology
Origins: 1950s by L. Ron Hubbard in the United States. Beliefs: Achieving spiritual liberation through a process known as auditing. Current Status: Recognized as a religion in some countries, controversial in others, and maintains a global presence.
Mormonism
Origins: 1820s by Joseph Smith in the United States. Beliefs: Revelations from God to prophets, the Book of Mormon as scripture. Current Status: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has millions of members worldwide.
Baha'i Faith
Origins: Mid-19th century by Bahá'u'lláh in Persia. Beliefs: Unity of God, religion, and mankind. Current Status: One of the most widespread religions with communities in virtually every country.
Rastafarianism
Origins: 1930s in Jamaica. Beliefs: Haile Selassie I as the Messiah, rejection of Western society (Babylon). Current Status: Not widespread but highly influential culturally, especially through reggae music.
Nation of Islam
Origins: 1930s by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in the United States. Beliefs: Improvement of the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans. Current Status: Active within the African American community, known for figures such as Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan.
Falun Gong
Origins: 1992 by Li Hongzhi in China. Beliefs: Spiritual and moral improvement through meditation and adherence to the principles of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance. Current Status: Persecuted in China, practitioners are active worldwide advocating for human rights.
Wicca
Origins: Mid 20th century by Gerald Brosseau Gardner in the United Kingdom. Beliefs: Pagan witchcraft religion with reverence of nature, deities, and practicing magic. Current Status: Part of the larger modern Pagan movement, with practitioners worldwide.
Hare Krishna Movement (ISKCON)
Origins: 1966 by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in the United States. Beliefs: Devotion to Krishna as the Supreme God. Current Status: Active international movement known for chant music, food distribution, and missionary activities.
New Age
Origins: 1970s, with antecedents dating back to the 19th century. Beliefs: Eclectic and diverse beliefs emphasizing spirituality and personal transformation. Current Status: Still present, with beliefs permeating into various cultural and social spheres.
Unification Church
Origins: 1954 by Sun Myung Moon in South Korea. Beliefs: Unification of all religions, the importance of the family, and the 'True Parents' concept. Current Status: Controversial, known for mass wedding ceremonies, and has a global presence.
Soka Gakkai
Origins: 1930s, based on Nichiren Buddhism in Japan. Beliefs: Recitation of the Lotus Sutra and chanting 'Nam-myoho-renge-kyo' to achieve happiness and world peace. Current Status: One of the largest lay Buddhist organizations in the world, active in cultural and educational pursuits.
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