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Introduced the 95 Theses which led to the Protestant Reformation, challenging the practices of the Catholic Church, advocating for salvation through faith alone, and contributing to the decentralization of religious authority.

Developed Calvinism, which emphasized predestination and the sovereignty of God, and established a theocratic government in Geneva, which greatly influenced the Reformed branch of Protestantism.

Established the Church of England, severing the English church from the Roman Catholic Church, facilitating the English Reformation largely for personal and political reasons, leading to significant religious and social change.

Founded Buddhism through his teachings of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, leading to a new understanding of life's purpose and influencing millions throughout Asia.

Promoted nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience as methods for social and political change, influencing the approach towards self-rule in India and impacting civil rights movements worldwide.

Led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, advocating for equal rights through nonviolent protest, significantly influencing the passage of civil rights legislation.

Promoted a message of humility, poverty, and mercy, focusing on outreach to the poor and disenfranchised, and encouraging a more pastoral approach within the Catholic Church.

Advocated for religious tolerance and the return to simple Christian piety, emphasizing the importance of education and humanistic texts, influencing Reformation thinkers.

Founded the Franciscan Order, emphasizing a life of poverty, humility, and love for all creatures, impacting Christian practice and values significantly.

Advocates for the preservation of Tibetan culture and the peaceful liberation of Tibet, promoting a message of compassion and nonviolence, influencing international human rights discourse.

Founded the Latter Day Saint movement, introducing the Book of Mormon, and establishing unique doctrines that led to the growth of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.