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Religion in Ancient Civilizations

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Ancient Egypt

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Polytheistic with gods representing natural and social phenomena, beliefs in the afterlife, and the practice of mummification. Pharaohs were believed to be divine.

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Ancient Greece

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Polytheistic with gods having human forms and characteristics, myths explaining natural and human phenomena, and the presence of oracles for divination.

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Ancient Rome

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Began as polytheistic with adaptation of Greek gods, later included the imperial cult worshiping emperors, and eventually converted to Christianity.

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Ancient Mesopotamia

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Polytheistic with gods associated with specific cities, belief in an underworld, and ziggurats serving as temples.

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Ancient India (Vedic Period)

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Hinduism with early Vedic texts discussing polytheism focused on deities like Indra and Agni, ritual sacrifices, and the pursuit of truth (Rta).

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Aztec Civilization

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Polytheistic with gods representing aspects of nature and daily life, human sacrifice for appeasement of deities, and cyclical view of time and cosmos.

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Ancient China (Shang & Zhou Dynasties)

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Ancestor worship, divination practices such as oracle bones, and belief in a supreme god (Shangdi) during Shang, later heaven's mandate (Tian Ming) during Zhou.

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Maya Civilization

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Polytheistic with gods associated with elements of the cosmos, complex calendar system interwoven with religious significance, and rituals including bloodletting and human sacrifice.

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Inca Civilization

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Polytheistic with Inti the sun god as the most important deity, the emperor as 'Sapa Inca' considered divine, and Capacocha as a significant sacrificial ritual.

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Norse Civilization

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Polytheistic with a pantheon including gods like Odin and Thor, beliefs in various realms such as Asgard, and myths explaining natural phenomena and life's challenges.

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