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Religion in Ancient Civilizations
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Ancient Egypt
Polytheistic with gods representing natural and social phenomena, beliefs in the afterlife, and the practice of mummification. Pharaohs were believed to be divine.
Ancient Greece
Polytheistic with gods having human forms and characteristics, myths explaining natural and human phenomena, and the presence of oracles for divination.
Ancient Rome
Began as polytheistic with adaptation of Greek gods, later included the imperial cult worshiping emperors, and eventually converted to Christianity.
Ancient Mesopotamia
Polytheistic with gods associated with specific cities, belief in an underworld, and ziggurats serving as temples.
Ancient India (Vedic Period)
Hinduism with early Vedic texts discussing polytheism focused on deities like Indra and Agni, ritual sacrifices, and the pursuit of truth (Rta).
Aztec Civilization
Polytheistic with gods representing aspects of nature and daily life, human sacrifice for appeasement of deities, and cyclical view of time and cosmos.
Ancient China (Shang & Zhou Dynasties)
Ancestor worship, divination practices such as oracle bones, and belief in a supreme god (Shangdi) during Shang, later heaven's mandate (Tian Ming) during Zhou.
Maya Civilization
Polytheistic with gods associated with elements of the cosmos, complex calendar system interwoven with religious significance, and rituals including bloodletting and human sacrifice.
Inca Civilization
Polytheistic with Inti the sun god as the most important deity, the emperor as 'Sapa Inca' considered divine, and Capacocha as a significant sacrificial ritual.
Norse Civilization
Polytheistic with a pantheon including gods like Odin and Thor, beliefs in various realms such as Asgard, and myths explaining natural phenomena and life's challenges.
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