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Milestone Space Missions
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1957 - Sputnik 1
First artificial Earth satellite.
1961 - Vostok 1
First human spaceflight, carried Yuri Gagarin.
1969 - Apollo 11
First manned Moon landing.
1977 - Voyager 1 and 2
Provided detailed images of Jupiter and Saturn, on-going interstellar mission.
1990 - Hubble Space Telescope
Revolutionized astronomy with clear images of the universe.
2004 - Spirit and Opportunity
Rover missions that explored the Martian surface and geology.
2006 - New Horizons
First reconnaissance of Pluto and its moons, continuing to study the Kuiper Belt.
2008 - Kepler Space Telescope
Discovered thousands of exoplanets in the habitable zone.
2011 - Curiosity Rover
Advanced Mars rover mission, assessing habitability and studying climate and geology.
2012 - Voyager 1
First human-made object to enter interstellar space.
2014 - Rosetta and Philae
First mission to land a probe on a comet.
2015 - DAWN
First mission to visit and orbit two separate extraterrestrial bodies, Vesta and Ceres.
2016 - ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
Joint mission by ESA and Roscosmos to study the Martian atmosphere and search for signs of life.
2018 - TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite)
NASA's mission to search for exoplanets using the transit method.
2018 - Parker Solar Probe
NASA's mission to study the outer corona of the Sun.
2018 - InSight Mars Lander
Mission to study the Martian interior using seismology and other geophysical instruments.
2019 - Chang'e 4
First spacecraft to land on the far side of the Moon.
2020 - Perseverance Rover
NASA's rover to seek signs of ancient life and collect samples of rock and regolith (broken rock and soil) for possible return to Earth.
2021 - James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Next-generation space telescope set to succeed the Hubble Space Telescope.
1959 - Luna 1
First spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun.
1962 - Mariner 2
First successful planetary flyby to Venus, providing valuable data about the planet's atmosphere and temperature.
1971 - Mariner 9
First spacecraft to orbit another planet (Mars).
1989 - Galileo
First spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, provided extensive data on the planet and its moons.
1997 - Cassini–Huygens
First spacecraft to orbit Saturn, the Huygens probe landed on Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
2001 - Mars Odyssey
Mapped the chemical and mineralogical makeup of Mars, detected evidence of water ice.
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