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A three or four-masted sailing ship developed in the 15th century, known for its large hull and castle-like structures. It allowed for oceanic voyages and helped kickstart the Age of Discovery by being capable of longer journeys with more cargo.

A triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast. It allowed ships to tack against the wind, significantly improving the maneuverability and speed, leading to more efficient exploration routes.

An ancient navigational tool adapted for maritime use that allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the altitude of celestial bodies. Its integration into naval exploration improved navigation precision, which was vital for long sea voyages.

A smaller, highly maneuverable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the Age of Discovery. It was known for its speed and the ability to sail windward. It played a crucial role in exploration, including Columbus's voyage to the New World.

A navigational instrument that consists of a freely pivoting magnetic needle enclosed in a box. The development of the dry compass was key to navigation during the Renaissance, allowing sailors to determine their heading even in cloudy or foggy conditions.

The science and art of map-making. During the Renaissance, advances in cartography, with more accurate and detailed maps, facilitated exploration by providing sailors with better navigational tools.