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Essential French Cuisine Vocabulary

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Amuse-bouche

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A small bite-sized appetizer, literally 'mouth amuser'.

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Bouillabaisse

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A traditional Provençal fish stew originating from Marseille.

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Chateaubriand

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A dish that consists of a large center cut filet mignon, cooked between two lesser pieces of meat that are discarded after cooking.

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Confit

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Food that has been cooked and preserved in fat, typically duck or goose.

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Coulis

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A thick sauce made from pureed and strained vegetables or fruits.

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En Papillote

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A method of cooking in which the food is put into a folded pouch or parcel and then baked.

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Foie Gras

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A luxury food product made of the liver of a duck or goose that has been specially fattened.

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Fricassée

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A stew made typically of poultry, cut up and cooked in a white sauce with vegetables.

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Julienne

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Cutting vegetables into thin strips, similar to matchsticks.

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Mirepoix

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A flavor base made from diced vegetables that are cooked, usually with butter, oil, or other fat, for a long time on a gentle heat without coloring or browning.

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Pâté

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A mixture of cooked ground meat and fat minced into a spreadable paste, often included spices and other flavorings.

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Quenelle

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A mixture of creamed fish or meat, sometimes combined with breadcrumbs, with a light egg binding, formed into an egg-like shape.

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Ratatouille

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A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish, originating in Nice.

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Rillettes

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A preparation of meat similar to pâté, made by cooking seasoned meat slowly in fat and then shredding it to be stored in some of its cooking fat.

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Roux

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Flour and fat cooked together and used to thicken sauces.

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Sommelier

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A trained and knowledgeable wine professional, normally working in fine restaurants, who specializes in all facets of wine service.

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Sous-vide

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A method of cooking in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath at an accurately regulated temperature.

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Terrine

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A French forcemeat loaf similar to a pâté, made with more coarsely chopped ingredients.

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Velouté

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A savory sauce, made from a roux and a light stock, that is thickened with butter and cream.

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Vinaigrette

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A mixture of oil, vinegar, and seasonings used as a salad dressing or a marinade.

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Vol-au-vent

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A large puff pastry case with a lid, filled with a savory mixture, typically of meat or fish in a sauce.

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Bisque

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A smooth, creamy, highly seasoned soup of French origin, classically based on a strained broth of crustaceans.

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Blanch

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A cooking process wherein the food substance, usually a vegetable or fruit, is scalded in boiling water, removed after a brief, timed interval, and finally plunged into iced water to halt the cooking process.

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Consommé

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A type of clear soup made from richly flavored stock or broth that has been clarified, a process which uses egg whites to remove fat and sediment.

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Crudités

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Traditional French appetizers consisting of sliced or whole raw vegetables which are typically dipped in a vinaigrette or other dipping sauce.

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Flambé

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A cooking procedure in which alcohol is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames.

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Ganache

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A glaze, icing, sauce, or filling for pastries made from chocolate and cream.

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Hollandaise sauce

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An emulsion of egg yolk, melted butter, and lemon juice (or a white wine or vinegar reduction), usually seasoned with salt, and white pepper or cayenne pepper.

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Mignonette

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A condiment usually made with minced shallots, cracked pepper, and vinegar.

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Tarte Tatin

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An upside-down pastry in which the fruit (usually apples) are caramelized in butter and sugar before the tart is baked.

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Chiffonade

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A slicing technique in which leafy green vegetables or herbs are cut into long, thin strips.

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