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Essential French Cuisine Vocabulary
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Fricassée
A stew made typically of poultry, cut up and cooked in a white sauce with vegetables.
Hollandaise sauce
An emulsion of egg yolk, melted butter, and lemon juice (or a white wine or vinegar reduction), usually seasoned with salt, and white pepper or cayenne pepper.
Mignonette
A condiment usually made with minced shallots, cracked pepper, and vinegar.
Confit
Food that has been cooked and preserved in fat, typically duck or goose.
Ratatouille
A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish, originating in Nice.
Blanch
A cooking process wherein the food substance, usually a vegetable or fruit, is scalded in boiling water, removed after a brief, timed interval, and finally plunged into iced water to halt the cooking process.
Crudités
Traditional French appetizers consisting of sliced or whole raw vegetables which are typically dipped in a vinaigrette or other dipping sauce.
Chateaubriand
A dish that consists of a large center cut filet mignon, cooked between two lesser pieces of meat that are discarded after cooking.
Bouillabaisse
A traditional Provençal fish stew originating from Marseille.
Ganache
A glaze, icing, sauce, or filling for pastries made from chocolate and cream.
Amuse-bouche
A small bite-sized appetizer, literally 'mouth amuser'.
Pâté
A mixture of cooked ground meat and fat minced into a spreadable paste, often included spices and other flavorings.
Terrine
A French forcemeat loaf similar to a pâté, made with more coarsely chopped ingredients.
Chiffonade
A slicing technique in which leafy green vegetables or herbs are cut into long, thin strips.
Sommelier
A trained and knowledgeable wine professional, normally working in fine restaurants, who specializes in all facets of wine service.
Foie Gras
A luxury food product made of the liver of a duck or goose that has been specially fattened.
Velouté
A savory sauce, made from a roux and a light stock, that is thickened with butter and cream.
Mirepoix
A flavor base made from diced vegetables that are cooked, usually with butter, oil, or other fat, for a long time on a gentle heat without coloring or browning.
Bisque
A smooth, creamy, highly seasoned soup of French origin, classically based on a strained broth of crustaceans.
Consommé
A type of clear soup made from richly flavored stock or broth that has been clarified, a process which uses egg whites to remove fat and sediment.
Tarte Tatin
An upside-down pastry in which the fruit (usually apples) are caramelized in butter and sugar before the tart is baked.
En Papillote
A method of cooking in which the food is put into a folded pouch or parcel and then baked.
Quenelle
A mixture of creamed fish or meat, sometimes combined with breadcrumbs, with a light egg binding, formed into an egg-like shape.
Rillettes
A preparation of meat similar to pâté, made by cooking seasoned meat slowly in fat and then shredding it to be stored in some of its cooking fat.
Sous-vide
A method of cooking in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath at an accurately regulated temperature.
Vinaigrette
A mixture of oil, vinegar, and seasonings used as a salad dressing or a marinade.
Vol-au-vent
A large puff pastry case with a lid, filled with a savory mixture, typically of meat or fish in a sauce.
Julienne
Cutting vegetables into thin strips, similar to matchsticks.
Roux
Flour and fat cooked together and used to thicken sauces.
Coulis
A thick sauce made from pureed and strained vegetables or fruits.
Flambé
A cooking procedure in which alcohol is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames.
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