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To present and clarify the issues in dispute through complaint and answer documents.

To give legal notice to the defendant of the court's jurisdiction over them and the pending lawsuit.

To exchange relevant information between parties and obtain evidence to prepare for trial.

To resolve procedural disputes or narrow the issues before trial through motions, such as motion to dismiss or for summary judgment.

To present evidence and arguments so that a judge or jury can determine the facts and apply the law accordingly.

To render a decision on the merits of the case after considering the evidence and law.

To seek alteration of judgment or obtain a new trial through motions after the initial judgment.

To assess and challenge the lower court's application of the law or procedural issues.

To take legal measures ensuring the judgment is respected and executed.

To resolve the dispute voluntarily between the parties without the need for a trial.

To facilitate the efficient progress of a case by discussing timelines, discovery schedules, and potential for settlement.

To achieve a judgment without a trial when there is no genuine dispute over the material facts.

To select a fair and unbiased jury through a process of questioning and eliminating potential jurors.

To present specialized knowledge to the court which aids in understanding complex issues.

To decide on the admissibility of certain pieces of evidence before they are potentially presented in an open court.

To allow a group of individuals with common claims to sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf of all members.

To resolve a dispute through methods other than litigation, such as arbitration or mediation.

To appeal rulings made by a trial court before the trial has concluded.

To request the court to dismiss the case based on specific arguments like lack of jurisdiction or failure to state a claim.

To send a case back from an appellate court to the lower court for further action in line with the appellate court's decision.

To outline the trial process, clarify the matters at issue, and explore possibilities for settlement before the trial officially begins.

To grant a decision in favor of the plaintiff when the defendant fails to respond to the summons or complaint.

To combine two or more actions that involve common questions of law or fact into one for judicial efficiency.

To divide a lawsuit into separate trials to ensure fairness or convenience when there are distinct issues or parties involved.

To prevent re-litigating issues that have been definitively settled in previous litigation through doctrines such as res judicata or collateral estoppel.

To allow a party to submit a formal settlement offer, which, if not accepted and the trial outcome is less favorable, can impact cost-shifting decisions.

To address non-compliance with a court order or disruption of the court's proceedings.

To allow a non-party with an interest in the outcome of the litigation to become a party to the lawsuit.

To assess the legality of legislative and executive actions through the power vested in the judiciary.