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International Treaties and Conventions
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Treaty of Lausanne
Purpose: To establish the borders of modern-day Turkey and abrogate the Treaty of Sevres. Parties Involved: Turkey and various Allied Powers.
Antarctic Treaty
Purpose: To set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and ban military activity on the continent. Parties Involved: Signed by 12 countries, including the USSR and the USA.
Paris Agreement
Purpose: To strengthen global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius. Parties Involved: 196 Parties to the UNFCCC.
Treaty of Lisbon
Purpose: To amend the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome, enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the EU, and improve the coherence of its action. Parties Involved: EU member states.
Treaty of Versailles
Purpose: To end World War I and establish the League of Nations. Parties Involved: Allied Powers (notably France, UK and USA) and Germany.
United Nations Charter
Purpose: To establish the United Nations and set forth its aims and organizational methods. Parties Involved: 50 original member countries plus Poland, which signed later.
Treaty of Rome
Purpose: To establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and to create a common market. Parties Involved: Six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany).
Treaty of Tordesillas
Purpose: To divide the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain. Parties Involved: Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile (for Spain).
SALT I
Purpose: To limit the number of nuclear missile launchers. Parties Involved: United States and Soviet Union.
Potsdam Agreement
Purpose: To set forth the terms for the German surrender and the restructuring of post-WWII Europe. Parties Involved: USA, UK, and Soviet Union.
Geneva Conventions
Purpose: To establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. Parties Involved: 196 countries as of 2020.
Maastricht Treaty
Purpose: To create the European Union and introduce a new stage of European integration. Parties Involved: Member states of the European Community.
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)
Purpose: To eliminate all short- and intermediate-range ground-launched nuclear and conventional missiles. Parties Involved: United States and Soviet Union.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Purpose: To end Russia's participation in World War I. Parties Involved: Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire).
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Purpose: To end the Mexican-American War and include the Mexican Cession of territories to the United States. Parties Involved: United States and Mexico.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
Purpose: To ban all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes. Parties Involved: Signed by 184 countries.
Treaty of Sevres
Purpose: To dismantle the Ottoman Empire following World War I. Parties Involved: Allied Powers and Ottoman Empire.
Treatasdgfhghy of Brest-Litovsk
Purpose: To end Russia's participation in World War I. Parties Involved: Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire).
Kyoto Protocol
Purpose: To commit its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Parties Involved: Annex I countries with binding targets.
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
Purpose: To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and achieve nuclear disarmament. Parties Involved: Nuclear-weapon states and non-nuclear-weapon states.
Camp David Accords
Purpose: To achieve peace between Egypt and Israel. Parties Involved: Egypt and Israel, facilitated by the United States.
Helsinki Accords
Purpose: To improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. Parties Involved: 35 states including the USA, Canada, and most European countries.
Oslo Accords
Purpose: To create a framework for the future relations between Israel and the Palestinian leadership. Parties Involved: Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
North Atlantic Treaty (NATO)
Purpose: To create a collective defense system against aggression; formation of NATO. Parties Involved: USA, Canada, and several Western European nations.
Treaty of Waitangi
Purpose: To establish a British Governor in New Zealand, recognizes Māori ownership of their lands and other properties, and gives Māori the rights of British subjects. Parties Involved: British Crown and Māori chiefs.
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