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International Treaties and Conventions

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Treaty of Lausanne

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Purpose: To establish the borders of modern-day Turkey and abrogate the Treaty of Sevres. Parties Involved: Turkey and various Allied Powers.

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Antarctic Treaty

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Purpose: To set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and ban military activity on the continent. Parties Involved: Signed by 12 countries, including the USSR and the USA.

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Paris Agreement

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Purpose: To strengthen global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius. Parties Involved: 196 Parties to the UNFCCC.

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Treaty of Lisbon

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Purpose: To amend the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Rome, enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the EU, and improve the coherence of its action. Parties Involved: EU member states.

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Treaty of Versailles

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Purpose: To end World War I and establish the League of Nations. Parties Involved: Allied Powers (notably France, UK and USA) and Germany.

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United Nations Charter

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Purpose: To establish the United Nations and set forth its aims and organizational methods. Parties Involved: 50 original member countries plus Poland, which signed later.

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Treaty of Rome

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Purpose: To establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and to create a common market. Parties Involved: Six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany).

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Treaty of Tordesillas

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Purpose: To divide the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain. Parties Involved: Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile (for Spain).

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SALT I

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Purpose: To limit the number of nuclear missile launchers. Parties Involved: United States and Soviet Union.

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Potsdam Agreement

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Purpose: To set forth the terms for the German surrender and the restructuring of post-WWII Europe. Parties Involved: USA, UK, and Soviet Union.

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Geneva Conventions

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Purpose: To establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. Parties Involved: 196 countries as of 2020.

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Maastricht Treaty

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Purpose: To create the European Union and introduce a new stage of European integration. Parties Involved: Member states of the European Community.

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Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)

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Purpose: To eliminate all short- and intermediate-range ground-launched nuclear and conventional missiles. Parties Involved: United States and Soviet Union.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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Purpose: To end Russia's participation in World War I. Parties Involved: Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire).

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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Purpose: To end the Mexican-American War and include the Mexican Cession of territories to the United States. Parties Involved: United States and Mexico.

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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)

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Purpose: To ban all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes. Parties Involved: Signed by 184 countries.

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Treaty of Sevres

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Purpose: To dismantle the Ottoman Empire following World War I. Parties Involved: Allied Powers and Ottoman Empire.

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Treatasdgfhghy of Brest-Litovsk

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Purpose: To end Russia's participation in World War I. Parties Involved: Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire).

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Kyoto Protocol

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Purpose: To commit its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Parties Involved: Annex I countries with binding targets.

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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)

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Purpose: To prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and achieve nuclear disarmament. Parties Involved: Nuclear-weapon states and non-nuclear-weapon states.

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Camp David Accords

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Purpose: To achieve peace between Egypt and Israel. Parties Involved: Egypt and Israel, facilitated by the United States.

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Helsinki Accords

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Purpose: To improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. Parties Involved: 35 states including the USA, Canada, and most European countries.

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Oslo Accords

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Purpose: To create a framework for the future relations between Israel and the Palestinian leadership. Parties Involved: Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

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North Atlantic Treaty (NATO)

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Purpose: To create a collective defense system against aggression; formation of NATO. Parties Involved: USA, Canada, and several Western European nations.

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Treaty of Waitangi

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Purpose: To establish a British Governor in New Zealand, recognizes Māori ownership of their lands and other properties, and gives Māori the rights of British subjects. Parties Involved: British Crown and Māori chiefs.

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