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This landmark US Supreme Court case established the Miranda rights, requiring police to notify arrested persons of their rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination. Its significance lies in its impact on police procedure and civil rights.

The International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol, facilitates international police cooperation. Its significance lies in its role in aiding the capture of fugitives and criminals across nation borders.

The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, known as the Kerner Commission, was established to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots and to provide recommendations for the future. Its significance includes its findings on racial discrimination and proposals for reform in law enforcement and employment.

The Metropolitan Police Act established the first professional police force in London, known as the 'Bobbies', and is significant for laying the groundwork for modern police organizations worldwide.

As President of the NYC Police Commissioners Board, Theodore Roosevelt implemented anti-corruption measures and professionalized the police force. This had a significant effect on reducing corruption and establishing modern police practices.

The Peelian Principles are a set of ethical rules for policing developed by Sir Robert Peel. They emphasize the importance of public approval, cooperation, and the non-use of force. Their significance includes establishing the basis for modern policing.

The first police car was used in Akron, Ohio, and was an electric-powered wagon equipped with lights, a stretcher, and a gong. Its significance includes being the precursor to modern police transportation and response methods.

The Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team was created by the Los Angeles Police Department to deal with high-risk criminal confrontations. Its significance lies in the specialized approach to handling critical situations, including violent confrontations and terrorist threats.

The United States Secret Service was originally formed to combat the widespread counterfeiting of currency after the Civil War. Its significance also includes its current role in protecting the President and other officials.

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act enables the prosecution of criminal organizations for the actions of their members. Its significance lies in its utility against organized crime, allowing for the prosecution of leaders for crimes they ordered or assisted.

A law enforcement agency with statewide jurisdiction in Texas, the Rangers are one of the oldest law enforcement bodies in the US. Their significance includes their role in some of the most important events in Texas and US law enforcement history.

The NCIC is a computerized index of criminal justice information. Its creation was significant for improving data sharing between law enforcement agencies and for aiding in the capture of fugitives and recovery of stolen property.

One of the first detective agencies in the United States, founded by Allan Pinkerton. It became famous for its involvement in law enforcement and private security, and its significance includes the development of investigative techniques and early contributions to detective work.

The Posse Comitatus Act limits the powers of the federal government in using federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States. Its significance includes maintaining a division between civilian law enforcement and military forces.

Passed in response to the 9/11 attacks, the Patriot Act expanded the powers of law enforcement to surveil, detain, and prosecute terror suspects. Its significance includes its controversial impact on civil liberties and national security.

The Drug Enforcement Administration was created to enforce the controlled substances laws of the United States. Its significance includes its role in the War on Drugs and the impact on domestic and international drug trafficking.

The White-Slave Traffic Act, better known as the Mann Act, made it illegal to transport women across state borders for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery. It is significant for addressing human trafficking issues and expanding federal law enforcement's role.

The adoption of body cameras by police officers is a relatively recent initiative aimed at increasing accountability and transparency. Its significance includes the potential to reduce police misconduct and build community trust.

Prohibition, the legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, led to significant law enforcement challenges including the rise of organized crime. Its significance includes the alteration of approaches to policing and crime control.

The Secret Service began to investigate counterfeit currency, which was a significant problem after the Civil War. This action greatly reduced the circulation of counterfeit notes and established a federal role in law enforcement efforts.

The Magna Carta was a charter agreed to by King John of England that laid the foundation for limited government and the concept of legal rights. Its significance lies in influencing later constitutional documents, including the US Constitution.

The Wickersham Commission was the first national commission on law observance and enforcement in the US, which identified issues in the judicial system and proposed reforms. Its significance lies in its comprehensive review of law enforcement practices and recommendations for improvement.

Created by the FBI, the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list aids law enforcement in apprehending dangerous fugitives. Its significance stems from its success and the public involvement it has generated in aiding law enforcement efforts.

COINTELPRO was a series of covert and often illegal activities by the FBI aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting American political organizations. Its significance lies in its impact on civil liberties and public trust in law enforcement agencies.