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A legal system characterized by case law which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts. Impact: Provides a flexible, adaptable legal system; serves as precedent for future cases.

A legal system developed from Roman codified law, relying on written codes and laws rather than case precedents. Impact: Provides a comprehensive legal framework; less focus on past cases.

A judicial process where a group of people makes a decision or findings of fact. Impact: Democratizes the legal process; allows community participation in justice.

A principle or rule established by a higher court that is then followed by other courts. Impact: Ensures consistency in rulings; shapes future legal decisions.

A formal declaration of the legal and civil rights of the citizens of any state, country, federation, etc. Impact: Protects individual freedoms; limits government power.

The power of courts to assess whether a law or governmental regulation is valid. Impact: Allows checks and balances on legislation; maintains constitutional order.

A body of rules established by custom or treaty and recognized by nations as binding in their relations with one another. Impact: Facilitates global relations; provides a legal framework for international interactions.

A legal service provided by the government to ensure that legal representation is available to those unable to afford it. Impact: Guarantees right to counsel; ensures fairness in the legal process.

A legal action where a plaintiff represents a group in a single lawsuit. Impact: Facilitates legal redress for large groups; efficient handling of widespread grievances.

A perspective that states law should be based on the actual social and economic conditions that people face. Impact: Influences law-making to be more pragmatic; acknowledges the societal context of laws.

An agreement in a criminal case where a prosecutor and a defendant agree to settle the case against the defendant. Impact: Speeds up legal proceedings; decreases court caseload.

The use of methods such as mediation and arbitration to resolve disputes outside of the judicial process. Impact: Reduces court caseloads; potentially more amicable resolutions.

The recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices. Impact: Aids in solving cybercrime; has become critical in legal evidence gathering.

The process of identifying, collecting, and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a request for production in a lawsuit. Impact: Revolutionizes the discovery process; requires new technical skills in legal practice.

The area of law that deals with the Internet, encompassing cases, statutes, regulations, and disputes that affect people and businesses interacting online. Impact: Creates legal frameworks for digital interaction; evolving area of legal practice.

Contracts that utilize blockchain technology to facilitate, verify, or enforce contract negotiation or performance. Impact: Introduces smart contracts; could reduce need for intermediaries.

An area of law focused on the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. Impact: Promotes international justice and accountability; influences domestic policies.

Laws that focus on the governance of personal data and protection against its unauthorized use. Impact: Affects how businesses operate; increased focus on user consent and data protocols.

The area of law focusing on protecting the rights of creators of original works. Impact: Encourages innovation and creative output; essential for technological advancement.

A body of laws, regulations, agreements, and common law that governs how humans interact with their environment. Impact: Encourages sustainable development; critical for global environmental protection.

An emerging field of law dealing with how legal systems interact with artificial intelligence and robotics. Impact: Raises questions of liability and ethics; evolving with technology.

Provision of legal assistance to individuals who are unable to afford legal representation. Impact: Ensures access to justice for all; fundamental aspect of fairness in legal systems.

Delegating of legal tasks, often to overseas providers, by a law firm or corporation. Impact: Can reduce costs and increase efficiency; may raise concerns about quality and security.

The legal practice related to helping corporations and organizations comply with applicable laws and regulations. Impact: Growing field due to increased regulation; requires keen understanding of regulatory environment.