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Pioneers in Legal History

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Eleanor of Aquitaine

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Developed the Court of Ladies within her territories, influencing the chivalric code and legal treatment of women; 12th century.

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Cesare Beccaria

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Author of 'On Crimes and Punishments'; advocated for criminal justice reform; 18th century.

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Roscoe Pound

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Developed the Sociological School in Law; Dean of Harvard Law School; 20th century.

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Hans Kelsen

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Legal and political theorist; developed the Pure Theory of Law; 20th century.

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Henry de Bracton

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English jurist and cleric who wrote 'De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae'; 13th century.

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Patricia Williams

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Contributed to critical legal studies and the development of critical race theory; late 20th century.

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Solon

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Ancient Athenian lawmaker often credited with laying the foundations for Athenian democracy; 6th century BC.

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Lon Fuller

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Known for his contributions to jurisprudence and the philosophy of law, especially in the concrete areas of legal ethics and the principles of legality; 20th century.

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Judith Jarvis Thomson

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American moral philosopher and metaphysician, known especially for her defense of moral objectivity and her pioneering work in bioethics; late 20th century.

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Jeremy Bentham

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Introduced the concept of utilitarianism, which deeply influenced legal theory; 18th-19th century.

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Socrates

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Classical Greek philosopher credited as a founder of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the ethical tradition of thought; 5th century BC.

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Baron de Montesquieu

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Developed the theory of separation of powers in 'The Spirit of the Laws'; 18th century.

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William Blackstone

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Authored 'Commentaries on the Laws of England'; 18th century.

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Friedrich Karl von Savigny

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Founder of the Historical School of jurisprudence; emphasized the evolutionary nature of law; 19th century.

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Justinian I

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Byzantine Emperor who codified Roman law, resulting in 'Corpus Juris Civilis'; 6th century.

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Hugo Grotius

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Laid the foundations for international law, with works such as 'De jure belli ac pacis'; 17th century.

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Ronald Dworkin

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Legal philosopher and scholar of United States constitutional law, known for his theory of law as integrity; 20th century.

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Thomas Aquinas

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Created a comprehensive synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy that influenced Catholic doctrine on the natural law; 13th century.

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Henry II of England

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Created the common law foundation for the English legal system; 12th century.

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John Marshall

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Fourth Chief Justice of the United States; established the principle of judicial review; early 19th century.

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