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Literary Criticism Approaches

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Psychoanalytic Criticism

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Analyzes literature through the lens of psychoanalysis, focusing on the psychological motivations of the characters or authors.

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Structuralism

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Analyzes literature by examining underlying structures, such as language, myths, and cultural codes.

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Queer Theory

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Approaches texts with the view of deconstructing fixed ideas of gender and sexuality, focusing on the variability of sexual identities.

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Formalism

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Analyzes literature through its textuality, focusing on the structure, style, and aesthetics rather than content or context.

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Affective Criticism

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Analyzes the emotions and feelings literature evokes in readers, addressing the psychological aspects of the reading experience.

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Symbolic/Mythic Criticism

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Interprets texts by seeking out their underlying myths, symbols, and archetypes to uncover the universal meanings.

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Cultural Criticism

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Explores the cultural context such as ideologies, economic systems, and power structures in which literature is written and read.

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New Historicism

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Considers literature within the dynamic interchange of social, political, and historical contexts in which it was produced and interpreted.

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Post-Colonial Criticism

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Examines literature composed by writers from countries with a history of colonization, focusing on issues of power, identity, and resistance.

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Feminist Criticism

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Analyzes literature to expose the patriarchal biases and hierarchical gender relations within texts.

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New Criticism

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Emphasizes the importance of the text itself and close reading, with an analysis that is centered on form, imagery, symbols, and paradox.

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Deconstruction

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A method of literary analysis that challenges the idea of fixed meanings and emphasizes the fluidity and contradictions within the text.

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Mimetic Criticism

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Focuses on the relationship between literature and reality, exploring how well texts imitate or represent the outside world.

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New Aestheticism

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Advocates for the appreciation of literature based on its aesthetic qualities and the pleasure of the text.

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Marxist Criticism

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Views literature as a reflection of the socio-economic forces, particularly the struggles between different classes.

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Post-Structuralism

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Questions the fixed meaning and emphasizes the fluidity of language, the role of the reader in creating meaning.

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Ecocriticism

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Analyzes literature in the context of environmental concerns, examining how texts reflect and shape our understanding of nature and ecology.

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Cognitive Criticism

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Interprets literature through the lens of cognitive science, focusing on how the mind works in understanding texts.

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Reader-Response Criticism

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Focuses on the reader's experience and personal interpretation of the text, rather than the text itself or the author's intention.

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Pragmatic Criticism

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Considers the practical effects of literature on readers and society, and the purpose and use of literature.

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