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Renaissance Humanism
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Francesco Petrarch
Known as the 'Father of Humanism', Petrarch's rediscovery of classical texts and development of the concept of the 'Dark Ages' highly influenced Renaissance revitalization of ancient knowledge and literature.
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
His work 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' is regarded as the manifesto of Renaissance Humanism, emphasizing the potential for human achievement and individual worth in literature.
Leonardo Bruni
His translations of classical works into Latin and vernacular languages popularized humanistic education and influenced European literatures by promoting the study of ancient Greek and Roman texts.
Lorenzo Valla
Known for his textual criticism and exposure of the Donation of Constantine as a forgery, Valla's work on linguistic precision and historical skepticism had profound implications on the writing and interpretation of literature.
Erasmus of Rotterdam
His philosophy of 'Philosophia Christi' and calls for educational and religious reform reflected in his literature, particularly 'In Praise of Folly', shaped the humanist movement and encouraged critical thinking.
Baldassare Castiglione
His treatise 'The Book of the Courtier' outlined the ideals of a humanist education for the nobility and influenced Renaissance social customs and literatures on behavioral ideals.
Michel de Montaigne
Montaigne's development of the essay as a literary form provided a vehicle for humanist thought, skepticism, and personal reflection which impacted the way authors approached topics in literature.
Thomas More
His work 'Utopia' introduced humanist themes into literature by imagining an ideal society, questioning the status quo, and integrating Renaissance humanist ideals with social critique.
Humanism
As an intellectual movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, humanism significantly impacted literature by inspiring themes of individuality, classical inspiration, and critical thinking.
Ad fontes ('to the sources')
This humanist slogan to return to the original sources of antiquity fostered a new wave of scholarly practice that impacted literature through intensified engagement with classical texts.
Secularism
The humanist emphasis on secular themes contributed to a shift in literature towards more worldly subjects rather than purely religious ones, expanding the thematic scope of writing.
Vernacular literature
Humanists' use of the vernacular promoted the development of national literatures and facilitated the spread of humanistic ideas to a broader audience.
The Medici Family
Their patronage of the arts and humanist scholars in Florence led to a golden age of literature that was influenced by humanist ideals, and the production of texts that reflected these values.
Virtù
The humanist concept of 'virtù', or the cultivation of personal virtues, became a central theme in literature, emphasizing the potential of individual growth and character development.
Individualism
Renaissance humanism's focus on the individual led to literature that explored personal identity and self-expression, contributing to the emergence of autobiographical and character-driven narratives.
Classical Education
The humanist revival of classical learning reshaped education and thereby influenced the literary works of the time, which often reflected a deep engagement with the classics.
Skepticism
Incorporated into humanist thought, skepticism encouraged writers to question established authorities and traditional knowledge, which is reflected in the literature of the period.
Humanist Script
The development of humanist script as a clear, legible handwriting style facilitated the dissemination of humanist literature and ideas.
Marsilio Ficino
As the translator of Plato's works into Latin and a key figure in the Florentine Academy, Ficino's writings merged humanist philosophy with literature, influencing Renaissance thought and literature.
Civic Humanism
Civic humanism, which emphasized the role of the individual in public life and governance, inspired literature that dealt with political themes, ethics, and the responsibilities of citizens.
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