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Shakespeare's Sonnets Analysis
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And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
This line conveys the inevitable defeat in trying to resist Time, imagined as a grim reaper wielding a scythe.
When I have seen by Time's fell hand defaced
The speaker reflects on the destructive power of Time, personified as having a 'fell hand' that ruins beauty and life.
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see
This line ensures the immortality of the beloved and the sonnet itself, as long as humanity exists to read it.
When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
The speaker opens by revealing his reflective and introspective state, considering it as formal, judicial 'sessions' where thoughts are evaluated.
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
This line poses a rhetorical question comparing someone to the beauty of a summer day, commonly interpreted as exploring the theme of love's transcending beauty.
O! how shall summer's honey breath hold out
The speaker is questioning the sustainability of summer's sweetness, drawing a parallel to the fragile nature of beauty and life.
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
This line begins a sonnet that subverts typical love poem metaphors by realistically describing the speaker's lover, emphasizing genuine affection over idealized love.
That thereby beauty's rose might never die
The poet suggests that through procreation the beauty of the beloved can be preserved for posterity, likening beauty to a 'rose' that should not wither.
How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea
This line wonders how beauty can argue against the 'rage' of time, personifying beauty as if it were a defendant in court.
The bounteous largess given thee to give
Here, the speaker describes the beloved's beauty as a generous gift meant to be shared, presumably through procreation.
Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date
The line suggests that with the beloved's death, the quintessence of truth and beauty will also meet their end, emphasizing the individual's importance to these ideals.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
This line promises eternal youth and beauty to the beloved, metaphorically saying they'll not lose their qualities like the summer does.
When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes
This line describes a feeling of social isolation and failure, a sentiment of being out of favor with society and luck.
That time of year thou mayst in me behold
Here, the speaker compares himself to late autumn, suggesting he is in the twilight of his years, nearing the end of life's cycle.
To me, fair friend, you never can be old
The speaker asserts that the beloved will never age in his eyes, expressing timeless admiration and the constancy of his perception.
For having traffic with thy self alone
The poet criticizes the beloved for being selfish, suggesting a lack of procreation is akin to a merchant not engaging in trade.
Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade
This line defiantly claims that Death will not boast about claiming the beloved, as the sonnet will preserve their memory.
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
The speaker suggests that the memory of the beloved's love is as enriching as material wealth, providing comfort during hard times.
But if thou live, remembered not to be
The poet cautions the beloved that if they choose not to procreate, they risk being forgotten after death.
And summer's lease hath all too short a date
This line acknowledges the fleeting nature of summer, using a legal metaphor of 'lease' to imply that beautiful things have an expiration.
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