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Pattern

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Functional Harmony

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Submediant

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Connects to Tonic and Dominant, offers a homey feeling. Common examples: A in C major, F in A minor.

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Dominant Parallel

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Shares the same dominant note but opposite mode. Common examples: G minor in C major, E major in A minor.

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Tonic

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Stable resting point, often beginning and ending of pieces. Common examples: C in C major, A in A minor.

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Dominant

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Creates tension, leading back to Tonic. Common examples: G in C major, E in A minor.

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Mediant

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Links Tonic and Dominant, emotionally ambiguous. Common examples: E in C major, C in A minor.

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Subdominant

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Precedes Dominant, setting it up. Common examples: F in C major, D in A minor.

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Leading Tone

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Strong desire to resolve to Tonic. Common examples: B in C major, G# in A minor.

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Supertonic

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Often precedes the Dominant or Subdominant. Common examples: D in C major, B in A minor.

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Tonic Parallel

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Shares the same tonic note but opposite mode. Common examples: C minor in C major, A major in A minor.

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Neapolitan

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A major chord built on the lowered second scale degree. Common examples: Db in C major, Bb in A minor.

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