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Fundamentals of Directing
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Cinematic Language
The unique set of tools and conventions that filmmakers use to convey the story, mood, and themes to the audience.
Sight Lines
The areas in a theatre that are visible to the audience; ensuring that necessary actions are in view and not blocked.
Blocking
The precise staging of actors to facilitate the performance of a play, ballet, film or opera.
Cue
A signal for something to happen in a play or film, which can be related to dialogue, movement, effects, or music.
Backstory
A history or background created for a fictional character to enhance the depth and complexity of their personality and actions.
Stage Direction
Detailed instructions in a play script that convey the movements, actions, expression, and dialogues of characters.
Mise-en-scène
The arrangement of everything that appears in the framing – actors, lighting, décor, props, costume – and is considered essential for the visual storytelling process.
Cross-cutting
An editing technique that alternates between two or more scenes that may be occurring simultaneously but in different locations.
Storyboard
A sequence of drawings representing the shots planned for a film or television production, providing a visual layout.
Table Read
A read-through of the script by actors, usually seated around a table, to understand the characters and plot, often in the early phases of production.
Rehearsal
A practice session (or series of sessions) in which the actors and director work through the script to refine performances before the final production.
Focus
The point at which an object appears most clearly in a camera lens or the concentration on a particular task or action by a director.
Blocking Rehearsal
A session where the director and actors work out the blocking, or the precise movement and positioning of actors on stage or set.
Casting Call
An audition or a pre-audition where actors are sampled to see if they are right for the roles.
Concept Art
Illustrations created to represent an idea, mood, or environment that the director envisions for the final film or stage production.
Fourth Wall
The imaginary wall through which the audience views the play, traditionally unseen by the characters until 'broken.'
Production Meeting
A gathering where the director meets with heads of departments to discuss vision, updates, and collaborative aspects of a production.
Actor's Mark
A designated spot on the set or stage where the actor knows to stand during a particular point in the scene, usually marked physically.
Casting
The process of selecting actors to play the characters in a script, typically conducted by the director, casting director, and producers.
Director's Vision
The creative interpretation and intention of the director, driving the overall artistic style of the play or film.
Pace
The speed at which a story progresses, often affecting the tension and engagement of the audience.
Montage
A filmmaking technique that uses a series of short shots edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.
Subtext
The underlying and often distinct theme or message that a character conveys through tone, action, or dialogue.
Shot Composition
The arrangement of visual elements within a film frame, which includes cinematography, lighting, set design, and actor movement.
Location Scouting
The process of searching for the perfect location to shoot various scenes of a film or television show.
Beat
The smallest unit of action in a play or film, often marking a moment of change or transition for a character.
Motivation
The reason behind a character's behavior, driving their actions and reactions within the story.
Continuity
The consistency of the characteristics of people, plot, objects, and places seen by the audience, from shot-to-shot and scene-to-scene.
Director's Cut
A version of the film that represents the director's own approved edit, often without the oversight of the production studio.
Run-Through
A rehearsal that involves performing a play or a scene in its entirety to get a sense of its flow and progression.
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