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Fundamentals of Directing

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Cinematic Language

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The unique set of tools and conventions that filmmakers use to convey the story, mood, and themes to the audience.

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Sight Lines

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The areas in a theatre that are visible to the audience; ensuring that necessary actions are in view and not blocked.

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Blocking

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The precise staging of actors to facilitate the performance of a play, ballet, film or opera.

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Cue

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A signal for something to happen in a play or film, which can be related to dialogue, movement, effects, or music.

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Backstory

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A history or background created for a fictional character to enhance the depth and complexity of their personality and actions.

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Stage Direction

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Detailed instructions in a play script that convey the movements, actions, expression, and dialogues of characters.

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Mise-en-scène

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The arrangement of everything that appears in the framing – actors, lighting, décor, props, costume – and is considered essential for the visual storytelling process.

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Cross-cutting

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An editing technique that alternates between two or more scenes that may be occurring simultaneously but in different locations.

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Storyboard

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A sequence of drawings representing the shots planned for a film or television production, providing a visual layout.

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Table Read

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A read-through of the script by actors, usually seated around a table, to understand the characters and plot, often in the early phases of production.

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Rehearsal

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A practice session (or series of sessions) in which the actors and director work through the script to refine performances before the final production.

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Focus

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The point at which an object appears most clearly in a camera lens or the concentration on a particular task or action by a director.

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Blocking Rehearsal

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A session where the director and actors work out the blocking, or the precise movement and positioning of actors on stage or set.

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Casting Call

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An audition or a pre-audition where actors are sampled to see if they are right for the roles.

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Concept Art

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Illustrations created to represent an idea, mood, or environment that the director envisions for the final film or stage production.

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Fourth Wall

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The imaginary wall through which the audience views the play, traditionally unseen by the characters until 'broken.'

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Production Meeting

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A gathering where the director meets with heads of departments to discuss vision, updates, and collaborative aspects of a production.

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Actor's Mark

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A designated spot on the set or stage where the actor knows to stand during a particular point in the scene, usually marked physically.

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Casting

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The process of selecting actors to play the characters in a script, typically conducted by the director, casting director, and producers.

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Director's Vision

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The creative interpretation and intention of the director, driving the overall artistic style of the play or film.

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Pace

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The speed at which a story progresses, often affecting the tension and engagement of the audience.

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Montage

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A filmmaking technique that uses a series of short shots edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.

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Subtext

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The underlying and often distinct theme or message that a character conveys through tone, action, or dialogue.

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Shot Composition

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The arrangement of visual elements within a film frame, which includes cinematography, lighting, set design, and actor movement.

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Location Scouting

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The process of searching for the perfect location to shoot various scenes of a film or television show.

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Beat

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The smallest unit of action in a play or film, often marking a moment of change or transition for a character.

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Motivation

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The reason behind a character's behavior, driving their actions and reactions within the story.

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Continuity

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The consistency of the characteristics of people, plot, objects, and places seen by the audience, from shot-to-shot and scene-to-scene.

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Director's Cut

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A version of the film that represents the director's own approved edit, often without the oversight of the production studio.

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Run-Through

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A rehearsal that involves performing a play or a scene in its entirety to get a sense of its flow and progression.

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