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Political and socially committed cinema, associated with national film movements in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Involved socio-political films that promoted social change, combined realism with allegory and symbolism.

Focused on working-class life, frequently filmed in industrial town settings, with a commitment to showing the everyday and the marginal.

Explored uniquely Australian themes often with a focus on the landscape and historical narratives, and a resurgence of the national cinema.

Characterized by low-budget film production, amateur actors, naturalistic dialogues, and a focus on personal relationships.

Non-mainstream cinema noted for its serious content, realism, and naturalism, often addressing socio-political issues.

A vow of 'chastity' for film-making: natural lighting, no superficial action, handheld camera to create a sense of realism.

Focused on visual rhythm and editing, shooting techniques that conveyed characters' emotions, and complex narrative structures.

Featured African-American actors in lead roles, focused on black audiences, and often showcased soul and funk soundtracks.

Shot on location, used non-professional actors, focused on everyday life situations, dealing with post-war reality.

Characterized by experimental shooting and editing techniques, a rejection of traditional film narrative, and a focus on personal expression.

Use of stark lighting and shadows, distorted sets, and a focus on inner turmoil. Often dealing with madness and betrayal.

Rebellious in style and content, often confronting social taboos and traditional values, with formal experimentation.

Focused on directorial vision and innovation, often with more complex themes, and targeted at younger audiences.