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Registration concerns the different vocal registers such as chest voice, head voice, and falsetto. Singers must utilize proper registration to transition smoothly between notes and to execute songs with a range of dynamics and expressions.

Enunciation is the act of speaking or singing clearly and distinctly. Effective enunciation in singing ensures that the audience can understand the lyrics, which is especially important in narrative songs.

Dynamics refer to the volume levels in singing, ranging from soft to loud. They are important for emotional expression, contrast, and adding interest to performances.

Intonation is the accuracy of pitch during singing. Correct intonation is essential for harmony and to ensure the musical integrity of the performance.

Breath support is the use of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles to control air flow when singing. Adequate breath support is essential for sustaining notes, maintaining stable pitch, and preventing vocal strain.

Timbre is the unique quality or color of an individual’s singing voice, influenced by overtones and the physical makeup of the vocal apparatus. It plays a significant role in vocal identification and style.

Consonant clarity concerns the distinctness of consonant sounds during singing. Clear consonants help in conveying the text clearly and maintaining rhythmic precision.

Pronunciation refers to the way in which words are sounded when sung. Proper pronunciation is key for audience comprehension and for expressing the emotions and story within the song.

Phrasing in singing refers to the manner in which notes and words are grouped and shaped to convey musical and emotive ideas. It is vital for expressing the mood and direction of the music.

Projection is the ability to make the voice carry clearly and distinctly in a performance space. Proper projection allows singers to fill a room with their voice without forcing or causing strain.

Vowel modification is the alteration of a vowel sound to better accommodate a singer’s vocal range or the acoustics of the performance venue. This is done to improve sound quality and ease of production, especially at extreme vocal ranges.

Breath control is the ability to regulate breathing to ensure a steady, supported singing voice. This is crucial for sustaining long phrases, controlling dynamics, and reducing tension.

Vibrato is a slight, rapid variation in pitch that enhances the tone of the voice. It is used for musical expressiveness, to sustain notes, and to add richness to the singing voice.

Articulation refers to the clarity with which a singer pronounces words and sounds. Precise articulation is crucial for effective communication with the audience and for the stylistic integrity of the piece.

Legato refers to the smooth and connected style of singing without noticeable breaks between notes. This technique is important for lyrical singing and contributes to a seamless flow of the melody.

Resonance is the amplification and enrichment of the voice through the use of vocal tract shapes. It is important for creating a warm, full tone and for enhancing the natural power of the voice.

Vocal range is the span of pitches a singer can vocally produce, from the lowest to the highest note. Understanding and developing one's vocal range is essential for selecting appropriate repertoire and for technical development.