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Voice Disorders
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Spasmodic Dysphonia
A neurological disorder causing involuntary spasms in the voice muscles, resulting in a tight or strangled voice quality. Treatments may include botulinum toxin injections and voice therapy.
Vocal Nodules
Small, hard, callous-like growths on the vocal cords caused by prolonged vocal abuse. Speech therapy is the primary treatment, with surgery reserved for severe cases.
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Excessive muscle tension in and around the voice box, leading to voice changes and discomfort. Voice therapy is the most common treatment, focusing on reducing tension.
Papillomatosis
Rare, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is caused by HPV and characterized by wart-like growths on vocal cords. Treatments include surgery to remove growths and antiviral medication.
Cyst
A benign, fluid-filled sac that can develop on the vocal cords and interfere with voice quality. Surgery to remove the cyst is the common treatment followed by voice therapy.
Granuloma
An inflammation or lesion on the vocal cords typically caused by injury, irritation, or infection. Treatment can include voice rest, anti-inflammatory medication, and surgery if persistent.
Sulcus Vocalis
A thinning or indentation of the vocal cord's edge, which can lead to a breathy and weak voice. Voice therapy and microsurgery are potential treatment options.
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) often due to infection or overuse, leading to hoarseness or loss of voice. Treatment usually involves rest, hydration, and avoiding irritants.
Vocal Polyps
Benign growths on the vocal cords that are typically larger than nodules and may cause a breathy or hoarse voice. Treatment often includes voice rest, speech therapy, and possibly surgery.
Functional Dysphonia
A voice disorder with no apparent anatomical, neurological, or other organic difficulty, often stress-related. Treatment often involves voice therapy focused on relaxation and proper technique.
Leukoplakia
White or grayish patches on the vocal cords, often associated with smoking or other irritants. Treatment may include quitting smoking and voice rest, with surgery considered for severe cases.
Puberphonia
A condition where the voice does not deepen as expected during puberty in males, leading to a higher-pitched voice. Speech therapy focusing on voice deepening exercises is the typical treatment.
Vocal Cord Paralysis
The inability of one or both vocal cords to move, often leading to a weak and breathy or hoarse voice. Treatment options include voice therapy and sometimes surgical intervention.
Reinke's Edema
Swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid accumulation, often associated with smoking. The main treatments are quitting smoking and potentially surgery to decrease swelling.
Presbyphonia
Age-related changes in the voice due to atrophy and weakness of the vocal cords. Voice therapy can help, along with potential surgical augmentation of the vocal cords.
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