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Extremely soft volume. Example: A pianissimo in a vocal performance may be used to convey intimacy or subtlety in a song.

Very loud volume. Example: An opera singer could employ fortissimo to project her voice across the auditorium during a climactic scene.

Loud, then immediately soft. Example: A singer may use forte-piano to quickly shift the mood from dramatic to calm.

Moderately soft volume. Example: In a duet, one voice might sing at a mezzo-piano to complement a softer melody by the other voice.

Moderately loud volume. Example: A chorister might sing at mezzo-forte during a choral piece to blend in smoothly with the ensemble.

A gradual increase in volume. Example: A crescendo may be used to build up to a key moment in a song or opera.

A gradual decrease in volume. Example: A decrescendo or diminuendo can be used by a vocalist to fade out a phrase or end a song softly.

Extremely soft, even softer than pianissimo. Example: A performer may use pianississimo to express vulnerability or to create a sense of distance.

Soft volume. Example: A singer may use a piano dynamic when expressing gentle emotions or to create contrast with louder sections.

Loud volume. Example: A soloist might use forte to convey strong emotions or to stand out over a full choir.

A sudden, strong accent. Example: A sforzando may be used to startle the audience or to emphasize a particular word or phrase.