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Argument Structure Elements
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Premise
A proposition supporting or helping to support the conclusion of an argument. Premises are the building blocks that, when combined logically, support the validity of the claim.
Reasoning
The logical process of connecting the evidence to the claim. It explains how and why the evidence supports the claim, illustrating the argument's logical structure.
Refutation
The act of discrediting a counterargument by exposing its weaknesses or showing it to be false. In an argument, it helps to defend the original claim and demonstrate its validity.
Counterargument
An opposing viewpoint or statement that challenges the original claim. It is considered and addressed within an argument to show thorough understanding and to strengthen the original position.
Conclusion
The final part of an argument, summarizing the main points and restating the claim. It provides closure and underscores the main message the arguer is trying to convey.
Claim
A statement that asserts a belief or truth. In an argument, it serves as the conclusion that the arguer wants the audience to accept.
Evidence
Information used to support claims. It includes statistics, expert opinions, and research findings. In an argument, it lends credibility and grounds the claim in factual information.
Qualifiers
Words or phrases that limit the scope of a claim, reducing the potential for the claim to be disproven. Qualifiers are useful in making more reasonable and defendable arguments.
Fallacy
A misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning in argumentation. Employing a fallacy can undermine an argument's validity and the arguer's credibility.
Warrant
An implicit assumption that connects the evidence to the claim. It is often based on common knowledge or shared beliefs, and it underpins the reasoning in an argument.
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