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A school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people, often in terms of economic status and opportunity, suggesting that wealth and resources should be distributed more equally across society.

Rawls' theory is based on the concept of 'justice as fairness', which includes the principles of equality and liberty. He introduces the 'original position' and 'veil of ignorance' as a hypothetical scenario to ensure impartiality in decision-making.

Rooted in the ideas of Karl Marx, this theory contends that justice can only be achieved by addressing the imbalance of power and material wealth between different social classes through the abolition of private property and the implementation of a classless society.

A theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

An important aspect of contemporary justice theories, focusing on the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, giving a voice to marginalized communities and advocating for sustainable development practices.

Emphasizes individual freedom and voluntary association with minimal state intervention, arguing that a just society respects the property rights and personal autonomy of its citizens.

These theories critique traditional conceptions of justice by emphasizing the ways gender intersects with other forms of identity, calling for equity that acknowledges those intersections and challenges systemic gender-based oppression.