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Categorical Propositions

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A Proposition (Universal Affirmative)

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Definition: A type of categorical proposition that affirms something about all members of a category. Example: 'All dogs are mammals.'

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O Proposition (Particular Negative)

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Definition: A type of categorical proposition that denies something about some members of a category. Example: 'Some animals are not reptiles.'

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Singular Proposition

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Definition: A categorical proposition addressing an individual member of a category. Example: 'The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.'

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I Proposition (Particular Affirmative)

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Definition: A categorical proposition that affirms something about some members of a category. Example: 'Some birds are flightless.'

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Exceptive Proposition

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Definition: A categorical proposition that includes an exception within the statement. Example: 'All planets except Earth are uninhabited.'

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Exclusive Proposition

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Definition: A categorical proposition suggesting a category exclusively holds a certain property. Example: 'Only birds have feathers.'

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Indefinite Proposition

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Definition: A categorical proposition that does not specify the quantity of the subject. Example: 'Cats are playful.'

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E Proposition (Universal Negative)

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Definition: A type of categorical proposition that denies something about all members of a category. Example: 'No cats are dogs.'

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