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Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and transfer carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

Main and largest artery, carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction, important for determining cardiac output.

Acts as the natural pacemaker, initiating the electrical impulses that set the rhythm for the heart.

Inner lining of blood vessels that provides a smooth surface that minimizes resistance to blood flow and regulates the contraction and relaxation of the vessels.

Substance carried in the bloodstream by lipoproteins; necessary for hormone production but high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.

Conduct the electrical impulses that cause the ventricles to contract in a coordinated fashion.

The force that blood exerts against the walls of arteries; essential for maintaining tissue perfusion.

Large veins (superior and inferior) that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart's right atrium.

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for the pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself, supporting its constant workload.

Supports the cardiovascular system by returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and providing immunological defenses against pathogens.

Pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Prevent backflow of blood and ensure one-way flow through the heart.

Delays the electrical impulse from the SA node before it passes to the ventricles; this ensures that atria have ejected their blood into the ventricles first.

The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow to certain areas.

Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

The total volume of blood ejected by the ventricle per minute, crucial for meeting the metabolic demands of the body.

Enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste substances between blood and surrounding tissues.

Lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart and into the arteries.

Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and load the ventricles by contraction.

Carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues, except for the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

The widening of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure and increases blood flow to muscles during exercise.