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During anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down, forming lactic acid when oxygen is low, causing fatigue and muscle burn.

ATP is rapidly produced by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from creatine phosphate to ADP.

This system yields 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule without using oxygen, making it less efficient than the oxidative system.

This system uses carbohydrates, fats, and sometimes proteins to produce ATP with oxygen; it supports extended activities, typically beyond 2 minutes.

During prolonged exercise when carbohydrate stores are low, proteins can be broken down into amino acids and converted into glucose by gluconeogenesis.

This is the anaerobic energy system using creatine phosphate; it fuels very short, high-intensity activities, typically up to 10 seconds.

This system breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP, lactic acid as a byproduct; powers activities lasting from 30 seconds to about 2 minutes.

Post-exercise, the body has an increased rate of oxygen intake to restore metabolic balance, replenish ATP, and remove lactic acid.

Fatigue occurs rapidly due to depletion of creatine phosphate, leading to a dramatic decrease in power output.

Pyruvate and lactic acid are notable byproducts; their accumulation is associated with muscle fatigue and the feeling of 'burn' during high-intensity activities.

Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration where substrates like carbohydrates and fats are fully oxidized to produce large amounts of ATP.