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The general preparatory phase is part of the preparatory phase focused on building general physical attributes such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and technique.

Active recovery is a low-intensity exercise performed during the recovery phase to maintain fitness levels and accelerate the body's recovery process.

Intensity in periodization refers to the level of effort or degree of difficulty of a training session, often quantified by the weight lifted or speed maintained.

Functional overreaching is a short-term training strategy where an athlete is deliberately over-trained to a small extent, followed by a period of rest for supercompensated improvements.

Progressive overload is the gradual increase of stress placed upon the body during training over time to cause continued adaptation and improvement.

Cross-training involves engaging in different forms of exercise other than an athlete's primary sport to improve overall performance and reduce the risk of overuse injuries.

Tapering is the gradual reduction of training volume and intensity to reduce fatigue and enhance performance for a key competition.

Overloading is the process of increasing training stress to stimulate adaptation and improvement, ensuring that the stimulus is above the current capacity of the athlete.

The pre-season is the period before the competition season starts, with training focused on building sport-specific skills and conditioning to prepare for competitions.

The fitness fatigue model is a theory in periodization that suggests the performance level is the result of the summation of fitness gains and fatigue after training.

A periodization model is a framework used to organize training into distinct phases with specific goals, structured to improve performance over time.

The competitive phase is the period when the athlete reduces overall training volume and intensity, to peak for competition, emphasizing maintenance and sharpness.

Recovery involves the actions and techniques taken post-exercise to restore physical and psychological well-being, ensuring readiness for subsequent training or competition.

Overtraining syndrome is a condition due to excessive training without adequate rest, characterized by prolonged fatigue and decreased performance.

A macrocycle is a long-term training period, often a year, designed with the ultimate goal in mind, such as peak performance for a major competition.

The preparatory phase is the initial period of training dedicated to developing a base of general conditioning before transitioning to more specific training.

The specific preparatory phase is the latter part of the preparatory phase where the focus shifts to sport-specific conditioning and skills.

The transition phase follows the competitive season, allowing athletes to recover physically and psychologically, often including active rest or cross-training.

Variable resistance training is a method that modifies resistance throughout the range of motion, often used to overcome strength curve differences.

Restoration techniques refer to activities and methods used to expedite recovery, including sleep, nutrition, massage, and active recovery workouts.

In periodization, volume refers to the total amount of work performed, often quantified as the number of sets and repetitions or the total distance covered in training.

Undulating or non-linear periodization involves frequent changes in training intensity and volume, allowing for more variety and potentially reducing the risk of plateau.

Deloading is a planned reduction in training load, allowing the body to recover and adapt without losing fitness and performance gains.

Block periodization involves dividing the training into blocks, each with a concentrated focus on a few specific abilities, and is especially useful for high-level athletes with complex needs.

The off-season is the period when formal competitions are over, allowing time for rest, recovery, and preparation for the upcoming season.

Non-functional overreaching occurs when an athlete is over-trained without adequate recovery, leading to a plateau or decline in performance instead of supercompensation.

Adaptation is the physiological or biomechanical changes that occur as a response to the applied training stimulus, leading to improved performance.

The principle of specificity states that training adaptations are specific to the stimulus applied, meaning an athlete should train in a manner that closely resembles their sport.

Linear periodization is a traditional method where training intensity increases while volume decreases over time, progressing from general to specific training.

Supercompensation is the post-training period where the body overcompensates for the stress by becoming stronger, leading to performance improvements if the next stressor is timed correctly.

A mesocycle is a medium-term training cycle within a macrocycle, typically lasting several weeks to a few months, with a specific focus like building endurance or strength.

A microcycle is a short-term training cycle, typically a week, designed to work on more immediate training objectives and adaptations.

Frequency is the number of training sessions conducted over a given timeframe, an adjustable variable in periodization programs to balance training stimulus and recovery.

Concurrent training refers to the simultaneous inclusion of both endurance and strength training into a periodization program to enhance overall athletic performance.

Peaking is the strategic planning of training to ensure that an athlete reaches their optimal performance level for the most important competition or event.

An annual plan is the broad planning of training, competition, and recovery periods over a one-year period, structured to achieve peak performance at major competitions.