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Driver fatigue refers to the decline in alertness and performance due to prolonged driving. Factors like monotonous road environments and lack of sleep contribute to fatigue, which can lead to slower reaction times and increased accident risk.

Distraction occurs when a driver's attention is drawn away from driving. This can be due to visual, manual or cognitive distractions, like texting or thinking about personal problems, which can significantly increase the likelihood of accidents.

The design and arrangement of controls within a vehicle affect driver usability and performance. Poorly designed control layouts can lead to discomfort and an increase in user errors.

IVIS provide drivers with critical information and entertainment, but they can also be sources of distraction. Designing these systems to minimize attention diversion and mental workload is essential for road safety.

Vehicle automation is categorized from Level 0 (no automation) to Level 5 (full automation). Each level denotes different human-machine interaction requirements, where transitioning roles between the driver and the system can lead to human factors challenges.

The design of public transportation systems, including the layout, signage, and accessibility, impacts usability for diverse populations. Human factors considerations can ensure the system is user-friendly and reduces the potential for human error.

Situational awareness is the understanding of environmental elements and events in transportation. It's critical for safety, especially for pilots and ship captains who must continuously monitor and integrate large amounts of information.

Human behavior significantly affects traffic flow. Understanding and predicting actions of drivers can lead to the development of better traffic management strategies and reduced congestion.

Wayfinding systems facilitate navigation and reduce cognitive load by providing clear and concise information. Effective design is essential to prevent confusion and ensure efficient movement through transportation environments.

Users must adapt to new transportation technologies, such as electric vehicles and autonomous cars. Human factors research aims to understand challenges faced by users during this transition to design better user interfaces and training programs.

Accidents in transportation can often be traced back to human errors. Analyzing these errors is crucial for developing safety mechanisms and training programs to mitigate similar future incidents.

Pedestrian behavior is a key factor in road safety. Designing pedestrian-friendly transportation systems involves understanding human walking behaviors, predicting pedestrian actions, and implementing necessary safety features.

Pilots must manage high levels of cognitive load due to complex tasks and decision-making processes. Maintaining an optimal cognitive load is crucial for aviation safety and is a key focus of human factors in cockpit design.

Employees in transportation industries face unique stress factors, such as shift work, high cognitive demands, and safety-critical responsibilities. Addressing these stressors through organizational interventions can improve performance and reduce accidents.

Visibility and illumination are crucial for safe transportation. They can be influenced by factors such as weather, time of day, and infrastructure design, affecting the ability to perceive and react to potential hazards.

Motion sickness is a common issue affecting passenger comfort in various modes of transport. Understanding the causes and designing environments to minimize discomfort are important aspects of human factors.

The design of HMI in transportation systems greatly affects performance and safety. Good HMI design affords intuitive interaction and reduces the likelihood of user errors.

Security measures in transportation must consider human factors to be effective. This includes understanding user behaviors, ensuring compliance, and designing security processes that facilitate rather than impede flow.

Effective alarm management is important to alert operators to system states requiring attention. Poorly designed alarm systems can lead to alarm fatigue or missed alerts, with significant safety implications.