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Workload Measurement Techniques
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NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)
Procedure: Subjects score perceived workload on six dimensions. Application Area: Evaluating the workload of various tasks in multiple operational contexts.
Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT)
Procedure: Three dimensions of workload (time load, mental effort load, psychological stress load) are rated and combined. Application Area: Used where subjective operator estimates of workload are practical.
Instantaneous Self-Assessment (ISA)
Procedure: Participants rate their workload in real-time using a simple scale. Application Area: Used in situations requiring real-time workload assessments.
Cognitive Workload Metric
Procedure: Combination of performance metrics and physiological measures to assess cognitive load. Application Area: Useful in research and design of human-computer interfaces.
Workload Profile
Procedure: Breaks down workload into seven factors and rates each. Application Area: Applicable to a wide range of settings, including air traffic control and healthcare.
Secondary Task Technique
Procedure: Measures workload by requiring a subject to perform an additional (secondary) task. Application Area: Often utilized in driving research and simulation studies.
Physiological Measures
Procedure: Track physiological responses such as heart rate variability, skin conductance, or pupil dilation. Application Area: Used to infer workload in environments like aviation and vehicle operations.
Performance Measures
Procedure: Track task performance metrics such as speed, accuracy, and errors. Application Area: Applicable across various sectors to assess capacity for additional workload.
Eye Tracking
Procedure: Measure and analyze eye movements, blinks, and fixations. Application Area: Useful for understanding workload in reading, computer tasks, and driving.
Subjective Rating Scales
Procedure: Participants self-report workload using questionnaires or rating scales. Application Area: Flexible approach usable in many different occupational settings.
Dual-Task Performance
Procedure: Simultaneously perform primary and secondary tasks to gauge the effect on performance. Application Area: Applied in research on attention, memory, and multitasking abilities.
Time Pressure Measurement
Procedure: Observing the ability to complete tasks within time constraints. Application Area: Often used in settings with critical deadlines, such as emergency rooms or military operations.
Operator Function Model (OFM)
Procedure: Uses a structured analytical approach to assess the relationship between operator workload and system design. Application Area: Applicable mainly in complex systems like aviation or nuclear power plants.
Queuing Models
Procedure: Apply mathematical queuing theory to assess workload and process efficiency. Application Area: Useful in operations management, customer service, and healthcare systems.
Workload Transition
Procedure: Analyze the shift of workload across different phases of task or operation. Application Area: Useful in understanding how workload changes over time in situations like piloting or surgical procedures.
Psychophysiological Methods
Procedure: Use methods such as EEG, fNIRS, or fMRI to assess brain activity associated with workload. Application Area: Applied in neuropsychology research and the design of adaptive systems.
Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB)
Procedure: Simulates a multi-tasking environment to measure a participant's ability to handle workload. Application Area: Used in research for air traffic control, spacecraft operations, and other high-intensity settings.
Diary Studies
Procedure: Participants record their activities and associated workload over time. Application Area: Applied in workplace studies to gauge the distribution of workload throughout a shift or task.
Primary Task Focus
Procedure: Evaluate the impact of task difficulty and complexity on workload through changes in primary task performance. Application Area: Used to assess the effects of training, practice, and system design.
Task Switching and Interruption
Procedure: Analyzes the impact of interruptions and task switching on workload and task performance. Application Area: Valuable in studying the effects of multitasking in office work, air traffic control, and clinical settings.
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