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Hearing Mechanics
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Pinna
Collects and funnels sound into the ear canal.
Ear Canal
Transmits sound from the pinna to the eardrum.
Eardrum
Vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits vibrations to the ossicles.
Malleus
Transfers vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.
Incus
Transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.
Stapes
Transfers vibrations from the incus to the oval window of the cochlea.
Eustachian Tube
Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure.
Cochlea
Converts mechanical vibrations into electrical signals.
Organ of Corti
Contains hair cells that act as sensory receptors for sound.
Hair Cells
Detect sound vibrations and translate them into electrical signals for the brain.
Basilar Membrane
Vibrates in response to sound and supports the organ of Corti.
Auditory Nerve
Carries electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain.
Round Window
Allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which enables hearing.
Oval Window
Transmits vibrations from the stapes into the fluid of the cochlea.
Tectorial Membrane
Contacts hairs of the sensory cells, playing a role in the mechanical stimulation of hair cells.
Semicircular Canals
Responsible for sensing rotational movements and maintaining balance, not directly involved in hearing.
Vestibule
Contains otolith organs that help detect linear acceleration and maintain equilibrium.
Corti's Tunnels
Passageways within the organ of Corti that play a role in the hydrodynamics of hearing.
Acoustic Reflex
Protects the ear from damage due to loud sounds by tightening the muscles connected to the ossicles.
Spiral Ganglion
Contains the cell bodies of the auditory nerve, which transmit auditory information to the brain.
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