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Nasality is the addition of nasal resonances to the voice, which occurs when the velum lowers, allowing air to resonate in the nasal cavity.

Sibilance refers to the high-pitched hissing sounds in speech, typically produced by consonants like 's' and 'sh'.

Whispering is a form of unvoiced communication where the vocal folds do not vibrate, resulting in turbulent airflow without pitch.

Harmonics are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency present in the sound of the human voice, contributing to its timbre.

Vibrato is a slight oscillation in pitch that occurs in sustained notes in singing, adding richness and expression to the voice.

Timbre is the quality of sound that makes a particular voice or musical instrument sound unique, influenced by harmonic content and dynamic changes.

Belting is a style of intense, powerful singing, often used in musical theatre, which requires strong breath support and resonance.

Spectral slope describes the decrease in amplitude of higher frequencies compared to lower ones, influencing the 'brightness' or 'dullness' of a sound.

Chest voice is the lower part of the vocal range, characterized by a full, rich, and powerful sound; resonance is felt in the chest area.

Breath support is the use of diaphragmatic and abdominal muscles to control airflow, essential for sustained and dynamic vocal production.

Legato is a smooth, connected style of singing or playing, where each note transitions smoothly without noticeable breaks.

A glottal stop occurs when the vocal folds are briefly closed completely, stopping airflow and causing a momentary silence.

Vocal registers are distinct ranges of pitch in the voice, caused by different modes of vibration of the vocal folds.

The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a sound wave and determines the pitch of the sound.

Resonance in vocal acoustics occurs when the vocal tract amplifies certain frequencies produced by the vocal folds.

The vocal tract is the cavity where sound is resonated and modified to create the distinct sounds of speech and singing.

Articulation in vocal acoustics refers to the shaping of sound by the mouth, tongue, lips, and palate to form speech sounds and modify singing tone.

Pitch refers to the perceived frequency of a sound. In vocal acoustics, it is determined by the rate of vibration of the vocal folds.

In vocal acoustics, 'attack' refers to the onset of sound production, including how abruptly or gently a note is begun.