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Pitch refers to the perceived frequency of a sound. In vocal acoustics, it is determined by the rate of vibration of the vocal folds.

Harmonics are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency present in the sound of the human voice, contributing to its timbre.

The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a sound wave and determines the pitch of the sound.

Chest voice is the lower part of the vocal range, characterized by a full, rich, and powerful sound; resonance is felt in the chest area.

Sibilance refers to the high-pitched hissing sounds in speech, typically produced by consonants like 's' and 'sh'.

Articulation in vocal acoustics refers to the shaping of sound by the mouth, tongue, lips, and palate to form speech sounds and modify singing tone.

The vocal tract is the cavity where sound is resonated and modified to create the distinct sounds of speech and singing.

Timbre is the quality of sound that makes a particular voice or musical instrument sound unique, influenced by harmonic content and dynamic changes.

Vocal registers are distinct ranges of pitch in the voice, caused by different modes of vibration of the vocal folds.

Vibrato is a slight oscillation in pitch that occurs in sustained notes in singing, adding richness and expression to the voice.

Whispering is a form of unvoiced communication where the vocal folds do not vibrate, resulting in turbulent airflow without pitch.

In vocal acoustics, 'attack' refers to the onset of sound production, including how abruptly or gently a note is begun.

Spectral slope describes the decrease in amplitude of higher frequencies compared to lower ones, influencing the 'brightness' or 'dullness' of a sound.

Nasality is the addition of nasal resonances to the voice, which occurs when the velum lowers, allowing air to resonate in the nasal cavity.

Formants are resonant frequencies of the vocal tract that shape the harmonic spectrum of the voice and distinguish vowel sounds.

A glottal stop occurs when the vocal folds are briefly closed completely, stopping airflow and causing a momentary silence.

Resonance in vocal acoustics occurs when the vocal tract amplifies certain frequencies produced by the vocal folds.

Legato is a smooth, connected style of singing or playing, where each note transitions smoothly without noticeable breaks.

Belting is a style of intense, powerful singing, often used in musical theatre, which requires strong breath support and resonance.