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Speech sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords.

The perceptual attribute of sound that allows ordering on a frequency-related scale.

A visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies in a sound as they vary with time.

Variation of pitch in speech over time, often used to express the emotional tone or to convey syntax.

A subgroup of consonants characterized by a hissing sound, with high-frequency energy.

Describes how speech organs involved in articulation interact, including how airflow is restricted.

The perceptual characteristic of sound that correlates with physical amplitude or intensity.

The process of identifying boundaries between words, syllables, or phonemes in spoken language.

Refers to the point in the vocal tract where constriction occurs to produce different consonants.

The emphasis or prominence given to a syllable or word in speech, which can affect meaning.

Speech sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords, relying on turbulence.

The character or property of a voice, such as breathiness, harshness, nasality, which can convey information about the speaker.

Characterized by formant frequencies, which are resonance frequencies of the vocal tract.

Complex vowel sounds that consist of a transition from one vowel to another within the same syllable.

The phenomenon where the articulation of a speech sound is influenced by preceding and following sounds.

Variability in pitch (jitter) and loudness (shimmer) that can signal pathology or emotion in a speaker's voice.

Integral multiples of the fundamental frequency, determining timbre and quality of voice.

The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform in speech, related to the pitch perceived.

The rhythm, stress, and intonation patterns of speech that convey information beyond the literal meaning of words.

The time between the release of a consonant and the start of vocal cord vibration for the following vowel.

Resonances of the vocal tract, crucial for distinguishing vowel sounds.

Periods of silence within or between spoken utterances that provide cues for speech segmentation.

Characterized by rapid changes in amplitude and frequency, noise components, and voice onset time.

Consonant sounds produced with the velum lowered, allowing airflow through the nose.