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Basic Analog Electronics
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Capacitor
Stores and releases electrical energy. E.g., smoothing output from power supplies.
Diode
Allows current to flow in one direction only. E.g., rectifying AC to DC in power supplies.
Inductor
Stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it. E.g., in filters or tuning circuits.
Resistor
Limits the current flow and divides voltage in circuits. E.g., setting LED current.
Potentiometer
Variable resistor used to adjust levels, such as volume or intensity. E.g., volume control in audio equipment.
Voltage Regulator
Maintains a constant voltage level. E.g., providing consistent power to electronic components.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
Semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. E.g., in indicators and displays.
Fuse
Safety device that protects circuits from overcurrent by melting a wire inside. E.g., in power distribution boards.
Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)
Amplifies voltage signals. E.g., in analog computing or signal conditioning.
Transformer
Transfers electrical energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction. E.g., in power adapters to change voltage levels.
Rectifier
Converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). E.g., in power supply circuits.
Switch
Controls the flow of electricity by opening or closing the circuit. E.g., turning devices on or off.
Transistor
Amplifies or switches electronic signals. E.g., in amplifiers or digital switches.
Filter
Removes unwanted frequencies from a signal. E.g., in audio systems to separate frequency bands.
Relay
Electromechanical switch controlled by an electronic signal. E.g., used in automations to control high power loads.
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