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Basic Analog Electronics

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Capacitor

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Stores and releases electrical energy. E.g., smoothing output from power supplies.

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Diode

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Allows current to flow in one direction only. E.g., rectifying AC to DC in power supplies.

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Inductor

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Stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it. E.g., in filters or tuning circuits.

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Resistor

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Limits the current flow and divides voltage in circuits. E.g., setting LED current.

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Potentiometer

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Variable resistor used to adjust levels, such as volume or intensity. E.g., volume control in audio equipment.

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Voltage Regulator

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Maintains a constant voltage level. E.g., providing consistent power to electronic components.

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Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

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Semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. E.g., in indicators and displays.

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Fuse

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Safety device that protects circuits from overcurrent by melting a wire inside. E.g., in power distribution boards.

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Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)

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Amplifies voltage signals. E.g., in analog computing or signal conditioning.

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Transformer

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Transfers electrical energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction. E.g., in power adapters to change voltage levels.

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Rectifier

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Converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). E.g., in power supply circuits.

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Switch

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Controls the flow of electricity by opening or closing the circuit. E.g., turning devices on or off.

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Transistor

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Amplifies or switches electronic signals. E.g., in amplifiers or digital switches.

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Filter

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Removes unwanted frequencies from a signal. E.g., in audio systems to separate frequency bands.

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Relay

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Electromechanical switch controlled by an electronic signal. E.g., used in automations to control high power loads.

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