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Conductors and Insulators
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Water (Pure)
Insulator - lacks free charged particles in its pure state
Air (Dry)
Insulator - molecules in dry air do not have free electrons for conducting electricity
Paper
Insulator - made of cellulose fibers, which do not conduct electricity
Nickel
Conductor - its electron configuration permits electrons to move freely, making it conductive
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Insulator - it has a high resistance to electricity due to its chemical composition
Rubber
Insulator - lacks free electrons and thus inhibits the flow of electric current
Tungsten
Conductor - despite its high melting point, it can conduct electricity
Diamond
Insulator - has a very strong covalent bond that holds its electrons in place
Copper
Conductor - has free electrons allowing electric current to flow
Glass
Insulator - its electrons are bound tightly to atoms, which prevents them from moving freely
Steel
Conductor - its iron content has free electrons that can conduct electricity
Silicon
Semiconductor - under certain conditions it can conduct electricity
Plastic
Insulator - composed of polymers that do not have free electrons
Silver
Conductor - has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals
Lead
Conductor - has free electrons that allow it to conduct electricity
Gold
Conductor - excellent conductor of electricity due to its free electrons
Aluminum
Conductor - has a high number of free electrons that can move to conduct electricity
Silk
Insulator - composed of organic fibers that do not have free electrons
Graphite
Conductor - the delocalized electrons in its structure allow electricity to pass
Mercury
Conductor - even as a liquid at room temperature, it has free electrons for conducting electricity
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