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The rotor is the rotating part of the motor that turns the shaft and is affected by the magnetic field created by the stator.

Permanent magnets are used to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor moves, common in permanent magnet motors.

The commutator in a direct current (DC) motor reverses the direction of current through the rotor windings, maintaining the rotational motion.

The stator is the static part of the motor that houses the windings and provides a magnetic field that drives the rotor.

Windings in an electric motor are coils of wire through which current flows, generating a magnetic field that interacts with other components to cause rotation.

Slip in an induction motor is the difference in speed between the rotating magnetic field and the rotor, which is necessary to induce current in the rotor.

Electromagnetic induction is the principle of generating an electromotive force (EMF) in a conductor exposed to a varying magnetic field.

Brushes provide a physical connection through which current can enter and exit the rotor windings in a DC motor.

The armature is the component of a motor that carries current and rotates in the magnetic field, often comprising the rotor and associated windings.

Back electromotive force (back EMF) is the voltage that opposes the applied voltage in a motor, generated by the motor's operation due to Lenz's law.

The Lorentz force is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, which creates the rotational torque in the motor.