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Rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes.

The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs and temperature generally decreases with altitude.

The deflection of moving objects caused by the rotation of the Earth, impacting wind and ocean currents.

The warming of Earth's surface and the air above it, caused by gases in the air that trap energy from the sun.

A climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting global weather patterns.

A sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs typically during a storm, leading to a flash of light and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder).

A narrow, variable band of very strong, predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth.

Measure of reflectivity of the Earth's surface, where surfaces with high albedo reflect more sunlight and contribute to cooling.

A natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions, caused by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric charged particles with the high altitude atmosphere.

A rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

The atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere, characterized by a temperature inversion due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer.