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Mechanical Waves and Properties

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Transverse Wave

A wave in which particles of the medium move perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel.

Harmonic Motion

The repeated motion of a system in which the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. Formula:

F = -kx

where

F

is the restoring force,

k

is the spring constant, and

x

is the displacement.

Wave Speed

The speed at which a wave travels through a medium. Formula:

v = f \lambda

where

v

is wave speed,

f

is frequency, and

\lambda

is wavelength.

Longitudinal Wave

A wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the wave's direction of travel.

Interference

The phenomenon of two or more waves overlapping to produce a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its rest position.

Resonance

The increase in amplitude that occurs when the frequency of an applied force matches a system's natural frequency.

Diffraction

The bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture.

Frequency

The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. Usually measured in Hertz (Hz).

Period

The time taken for one complete cycle of a wave to pass a given point. Formula:

T = \frac{1}{f}

where

T

is the period and

f

is the frequency.

Wavelength

The distance between successive crests, troughs, or identical parts of a wave.

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