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The quantum mechanical principle stating that two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.

A theorem that demonstrates that no theory of local hidden variables can reproduce all the predictions of quantum mechanics, reinforcing the non-classical nature of quantum entanglement.

The theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics to construct a description of the fundamental interactions between particles and fields.

The quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle has a probability of passing through a potential barrier, even if its energy is less than the height of the barrier.

A quantum system can exist in multiple states or configurations simultaneously until an observation collapses the system into one of the possible states.

The principle that it is impossible to simultaneously know both the exact momentum and position of a particle.

A phenomenon where particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle instantly influences the state of another, no matter the distance between them.

A postulate in quantum mechanics that provides the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a given result.

The concept that every particle or quantum entity exhibits properties of both particles and waves.

The process by which a quantum system loses its quantum properties through interaction with the environment, causing the system to transition from a coherent quantum superposition to classical states.

A phase of matter characterized by the absence of electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.

A point at zero temperature where a continuous phase transition takes place between different quantum phases of matter.

A theorem in quantum mechanics that states it is not possible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.

A mathematical description of the quantum state of a system; the square of its absolute value represents the probability density of finding a particle at a given point.