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States of Matter and Transitions
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Solid
A state of matter characterized by particles that are close together in a fixed arrangement with limited motion.
Liquid
A state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape, where particles are close but can move past one another.
Gas
A state of matter composed of particles that have a lot of space between them and move freely at high speeds.
Plasma
A high-energy state of matter in which electrons are stripped from atoms, forming an ionized gas.
Melting
The phase transition from solid to liquid, occurring at a specific temperature called the melting point.
Freezing
The phase transition from liquid to solid, where a substance releases heat and its particles slow down.
Evaporation
The phase transition from liquid to gas that can occur at temperatures below the boiling point, at the surface of the liquid.
Condensation
The phase transition from gas to liquid, whereby gas particles lose energy and bond together when they come into contact with a cooler surface.
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