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A fundamental constituent of matter, quarks come in six flavors and combine to form composite particles such as protons and neutrons.

A fundamental particle that does not undergo strong interactions; there are six leptons, including the electron, muon, and tau, each with an associated neutrino.

A particle that carries forces between the fundamental constituents of matter; includes the photon, W and Z bosons, gluons, and the Higgs boson.

The force carrier for the strong nuclear force, which holds quarks together within protons and neutrons.

A fundamental particle associated with the Higgs field, responsible for giving mass to other elementary particles.

A particle with a half-integer spin that makes up all known matter; includes quarks and leptons.

Particles with the same mass as their corresponding matter counterparts but opposite charges and quantum numbers.

A neutral, weakly interacting fundamental particle with an extremely low mass; they rarely interact with matter.

One of the four fundamental forces, responsible for processes such as beta decay in atomic nuclei.

The strongest of the four fundamental interactions, it binds quarks together within protons and neutrons and these nucleons to each other within atomic nuclei.

A fundamental force mediated by photons, responsible for electric and magnetic interactions between charged particles.

The theory describing the fundamental particles and forces (except gravity) in the universe; it has been confirmed by experiments to a high degree of accuracy.

A property of quarks and gluons related to their strong interaction, analogous to electric charge, but with three types: red, green, and blue.