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Geophysics and Earth's Properties

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Lithosphere

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The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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Plate Tectonics

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The scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere.

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Isostasy

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The state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle such that the crust floats at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density.

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Pangaea

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A supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, formed about 300 million years ago and began to break apart about 175 million years ago.

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Richter magnitude scale

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A logarithmic scale that assigns a number to quantify the size of an earthquake, developed by Charles F. Richter.

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Mohorovičić Discontinuity (Moho)

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The boundary between Earth's crust and the mantle, characterized by a sudden increase in the velocity of seismic waves.

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Core-Mantle Boundary

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The boundary between the Earth's metallic core and its silicate mantle, lying approximately 2,900 kilometers below the Earth's surface.

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Magnetosphere

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The region of space surrounding an astronomical body in which charged particles are controlled by that body's magnetic field.

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Seismic Waves

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Waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides and large man-made explosions.

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Mantle Convection

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The slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface.

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