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Cataloging Rules and Standards

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Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

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Purpose: To organize library materials by subject. Application: Used primarily in academic and research libraries throughout the United States.

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Sears List of Subject Headings

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Purpose: To provide a simpler and more concise list of subject headings for small to medium-sized libraries. Application: Commonly used in public libraries, school libraries, and smaller academic institutions.

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Resource Description and Access (RDA)

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Purpose: To provide a framework for the description of library materials that is based on user tasks. Application: Serves as the current standard for cataloging all types of resources in the digital age.

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International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

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Purpose: To provide a unique identifier for periodicals and serials. Application: Used to manage and link serial publications globally.

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Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2)

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Purpose: To provide a set of rules for cataloging library materials in English-speaking countries. Application: Used widely until the adoption of RDA, it standardizes bibliographic description and access points across libraries.

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Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

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Purpose: To organize materials by an elaborate system of synthesized numerical codes. Application: Used for classification in some European countries and specialized libraries.

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International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)

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Purpose: To standardize the bibliographic description presented in catalog records. Application: Guides the creation of consistent and international cataloging for all types of resources.

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

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Purpose: To provide a conceptual framework for understanding how information about resources is related and accessed. Application: Influences the structure of cataloging databases and RDA.

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FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)

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Purpose: To simplify LCSH for efficient and user-friendly access in digital environments. Application: Used for cataloging in various digital library projects and databases.

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Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

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Purpose: To provide a set of vocabulary terms used to describe web resources. Application: Useful for simple and generic resource description across a variety of fields.

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MARC Standards (Machine-Readable Cataloging)

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Purpose: To enable the interpretation and exchange of bibliographic information in machine-readable form. Application: Underpins cataloging systems enabling data sharing among libraries globally.

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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

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Purpose: To provide a comprehensive subject headings list for cataloging and indexing materials in libraries. Application: Utilized globally for subject access in library catalogs.

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International Standard Book Number (ISBN)

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Purpose: To provide a unique identifier for books. Application: Used to simplify ordering, inventory management, and data management in bookselling and publishing.

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Cataloging in Publication (CIP)

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Purpose: To provide cataloging data for materials before their publication. Application: Libraries use this data to catalog books rapidly upon receipt, as the data is already available.

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Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

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Purpose: To provide a numeric system for organizing books on library shelves in a specific and logical order. Application: Used by public libraries and in education sectors worldwide.

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