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Cognitive Linguistics

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Embodied Cognition

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The theory that cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body's interactions with the world.

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Prototype Theory

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A theory of categorization in cognitive linguistics which asserts that certain members of a category are more central than others.

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Frame Semantics

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The study of how linguistic signs evoke certain mental structures that allow individuals to understand and use language effectively.

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Cognitive Linguistics

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An interdisciplinary branch of linguistics that combines knowledge and research from both psychology and linguistics.

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Conceptual Metaphor

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A cognitive linguistic idea that asserts that one conceptual domain is understood and expressed in terms of another (e.g., 'Time is Money').

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Image Schema

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A recurrent structure within our cognitive processes that establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning.

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Neural Theory of Language

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A hypothesis that brain structures used in sensory-motor processing are also employed for language understanding and production.

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Conceptual Blending

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See Blending Theory.

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Cognitive Phonology

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An approach that studies how phonological forms are processed, structured, and categorized in the mind.

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Blending Theory

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A development in cognitive linguistics that deals with how minds create new ideas through the combination of various mental spaces.

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Iconicity

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A property of language in which the form of a sign is in some way reflective of its meaning.

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Situated Cognition

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The theory that cognition is not only influenced by our mental capabilities, but also the context or environment in which it takes place.

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Dynamicity

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A property of cognitive linguistic theories, which views language comprehension and production as dynamic, context-sensitive processes.

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Experiential Realism

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The notion in cognitive linguistics that the structure of language reflects our experiential and physical interaction with the world.

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Polysemy

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A linguistic phenomenon where a single word or phrase has multiple related but distinct meanings.

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Top-Down Processing

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A cognitive phenomenon where existing knowledge, expectations, or conceptual understandings influence perception.

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Linguistic Relativity

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The hypothesis that the language one speaks influences their perception and categorization of the world.

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Cognitive Semantics

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An approach in cognitive linguistics that investigates the conceptual structures that underlie the use of words and grammatical constructions.

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Construction Grammar

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A model of grammar that emphasizes the importance of syntactic constructions, which it perceives as the pairing of form with meaning or function.

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Schema Theory

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A psychological principle that involves the use of generic cognitive structures for understanding the world and organizing incoming information.

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Affordances

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The opportunities or possibilities for action that objects or environments provide, which are perceived differently by different organisms.

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Subjectification

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The linguistic process by which meanings become more subjective and internal to the speaker, often related to speaker viewpoint or stance.

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Semantic Frames

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Structures of knowledge that help individuals understand the world and communicate by using a network of related concepts to make sense of a specific kind of situation.

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Grammaticalization

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The process by which words develop new grammatical functions and may ultimately become a different part of speech over time.

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Phonosemantics

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A field of study that explores the idea that phonemes (sound units of language) have an inherent, non-arbitrary meaning.

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Radial Categories

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A type of category structure where there is a central best example and other members that are connected to this center by sharing some features.

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Construal

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In cognitive linguistics, the way in which a speaker mentally structures the world for purposes of communication.

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Pragmatics

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A branch of linguistics dealing with language use and the contexts in which linguistic expressions acquire meaning.

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Gestalt Perception

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A theory that the brain organizes sensory information into a coherent whole rather than perceiving the parts and pieces separately.

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Mental Spaces

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Constructs akin to 'small conceptual packets' constructed for specific purposes and structured by frames and cognitive models.

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Entrenchment

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The process by which certain linguistic units or patterns become fixed and conventional within a speaker's mental grammar through repeated use.

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Force Dynamics

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A theory that investigates the semantic category of force interaction in language, such as pushing, pulling, resisting, and enabling.

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Usage-based Grammar

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An approach to linguistics that emphasizes the role of frequency and context of use in the understanding and explaining of language structure and function.

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Conceptual Integration

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See Blending Theory.

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