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Intonation and Prosody
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Uncertainty Intonation
Function: Indicates doubt or indecisiveness. Example: 'I guess...' with a tentative rise at the end.
Peaking Intonation
Function: Emphasizes a particular word or phrase. Example: 'He's the BEST player.'
Confirmation Seeking Intonation
Function: Seeks agreement or acknowledgement. Example: 'You understand?' with an upward inflection.
Falling-Rising Intonation
Function: Shows uncertainty or implies there's more to say. Example: 'Maybe...' said in a tentative way.
Rising-Falling Intonation
Function: Indicates surprise or contradiction. Example: Exclaiming 'What?!' in shock.
Finality Intonation
Function: Shows the speaker's statement is complete. Example: Ending a sentence with a definitive 'No.'
Rising Intonation
Function: Indicates a question or uncertainty. Example: When asking 'Really?' with surprise.
Falling Intonation
Function: Indicates the end of a statement or command. Example: Saying 'I know.' with finality.
Low Level Intonation
Function: Indicates solemnity or seriousness. Example: A judge making a serious declaration.
Contrasting Intonation
Function: Highlights a contrast or a comparison. Example: 'Not a good thing but a great thing.'
Exclamatory Intonation
Function: Expresses strong feelings or sudden emotions. Example: 'Wow!' or 'Oh no!' with dramatic effect.
Circumflex Intonation
Function: Illustrates interest or enthusiasm. Example: 'Hello!' said when greeting someone with excitement.
Continuation Intonation
Function: Indicates the speaker has not finished speaking. Example: 'And then...,' trailing off to continue.
Bored Intonation
Function: Shows lack of interest or enthusiasm. Example: 'Yeah, whatever...' said in a flat or monotonous voice.
Question Tag Intonation
Function: Turns a statement into a question. Example: 'It's nice out today, isn't it?' with a rising end.
Playlist Intonation
Function: Links items in a list. Example: Reciting items, 'apples, bananas, oranges,' with a rise until the last item.
High Level Intonation
Function: Suggests formality or neutrality. Example: A newsreader's impartial announcement.
Instructional Intonation
Function: Delivers instructions or directions. Example: 'First, turn right, then go straight.' with a clear tone.
Greeting Intonation
Function: Used in salutations or when meeting people. Example: 'Hey!' or 'How are you?' with an upbeat tone.
Sarcasm Intonation
Function: Conveys a meaning opposite to the literal words. Example: Saying 'Great job...' with a clear tone of disapproval.
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