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Intonation and Prosody

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Uncertainty Intonation

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Function: Indicates doubt or indecisiveness. Example: 'I guess...' with a tentative rise at the end.

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Peaking Intonation

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Function: Emphasizes a particular word or phrase. Example: 'He's the BEST player.'

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Confirmation Seeking Intonation

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Function: Seeks agreement or acknowledgement. Example: 'You understand?' with an upward inflection.

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Falling-Rising Intonation

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Function: Shows uncertainty or implies there's more to say. Example: 'Maybe...' said in a tentative way.

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Rising-Falling Intonation

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Function: Indicates surprise or contradiction. Example: Exclaiming 'What?!' in shock.

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Finality Intonation

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Function: Shows the speaker's statement is complete. Example: Ending a sentence with a definitive 'No.'

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Rising Intonation

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Function: Indicates a question or uncertainty. Example: When asking 'Really?' with surprise.

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Falling Intonation

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Function: Indicates the end of a statement or command. Example: Saying 'I know.' with finality.

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Low Level Intonation

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Function: Indicates solemnity or seriousness. Example: A judge making a serious declaration.

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Contrasting Intonation

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Function: Highlights a contrast or a comparison. Example: 'Not a good thing but a great thing.'

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Exclamatory Intonation

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Function: Expresses strong feelings or sudden emotions. Example: 'Wow!' or 'Oh no!' with dramatic effect.

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Circumflex Intonation

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Function: Illustrates interest or enthusiasm. Example: 'Hello!' said when greeting someone with excitement.

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Continuation Intonation

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Function: Indicates the speaker has not finished speaking. Example: 'And then...,' trailing off to continue.

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Bored Intonation

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Function: Shows lack of interest or enthusiasm. Example: 'Yeah, whatever...' said in a flat or monotonous voice.

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Question Tag Intonation

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Function: Turns a statement into a question. Example: 'It's nice out today, isn't it?' with a rising end.

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Playlist Intonation

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Function: Links items in a list. Example: Reciting items, 'apples, bananas, oranges,' with a rise until the last item.

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High Level Intonation

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Function: Suggests formality or neutrality. Example: A newsreader's impartial announcement.

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Instructional Intonation

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Function: Delivers instructions or directions. Example: 'First, turn right, then go straight.' with a clear tone.

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Greeting Intonation

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Function: Used in salutations or when meeting people. Example: 'Hey!' or 'How are you?' with an upbeat tone.

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Sarcasm Intonation

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Function: Conveys a meaning opposite to the literal words. Example: Saying 'Great job...' with a clear tone of disapproval.

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