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This is a constraint-based theory proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the interaction between conflicting constraints.

Introduces the concept that features or properties of speech are represented on multiple tiers which function autonomously.

This theory combines phonological processes and morphological structure to understand the representation and realisation of lexical items.

Concerns the long-distance assimilatory processes in which segments gain similar features to become more alike within certain spans.

The theory emphasizes rule-based analysis of the phonetic and phonological transformations of sounds in language.

This model represents phonological features as a structured configuration of smaller components, highlighting their inter-relatedness.

A theoretical framework viewing segments as composed of a small set of primitive elements, each contributing specific phonetic properties.

This model focuses on the role of gestures, which are movements of the articulators, in the production of phonological segments and features.

A theory that reduces phonological units to a small set of elements and emphasizes the interaction between those elements through governing relations.

A theory asserting that phonological phenomena arise from natural phonetic tendencies but are limited by a language's phonological system.

A theory that departs from linear representations of segments and instead posits a hierarchical structure for phonological units.

A framework that describes the rhythmic and intonational aspects of language using a hierarchical structure of syllables and stress patterns.

A branch of phonology that studies the structure and behavior of prosodic units such as syllables, metrical feet, phonological words, phrases and utterances.

Advocates for the presence of distinct phonological strata or layers within the lexicon, each with its own rules and representations.

The classic concept of a phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit in the sound system of a language that can differentiate meaning.

A theory that analyzes the timing and structure of syllables using the concept of the 'mora', a unit smaller than the syllable.

This approach stresses the importance of phonetic and phonological properties as they are actually pronounced, or appear on the 'surface'.

This model posits that speakers store detailed information about phonetic variations they encounter, with frequently encountered forms becoming central exemplars in their mental lexicon.

A theory that breaks down the phonemes (or segments) of all languages into a set of distinctive features.

An umbrella term for phonological theories that consider the hierarchical and multi-dimensional properties of features, rather than seeing them as linear sequences.

This approach uses diacritics or additional signs to indicate phonetic or phonemic sub-properties of segments in linguistic analysis.

Engages with phonological problems by defining how constraints limit and define what is phonologically possible within a language.

An interdisciplinary approach that combines experimental methods and tools from laboratory sciences to investigate the relationship between phonetics, phonology, and other areas of linguistics.

A theory that emphasizes the role of frequency of use and the cognitive processes of perception and production in shaping phonological structures and patterns.