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A theory asserting that phonological phenomena arise from natural phonetic tendencies but are limited by a language's phonological system.

This is a constraint-based theory proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the interaction between conflicting constraints.

This model represents phonological features as a structured configuration of smaller components, highlighting their inter-relatedness.

The classic concept of a phoneme as the smallest distinctive unit in the sound system of a language that can differentiate meaning.

A theory that reduces phonological units to a small set of elements and emphasizes the interaction between those elements through governing relations.

A branch of phonology that studies the structure and behavior of prosodic units such as syllables, metrical feet, phonological words, phrases and utterances.

The theory emphasizes rule-based analysis of the phonetic and phonological transformations of sounds in language.

A framework that describes the rhythmic and intonational aspects of language using a hierarchical structure of syllables and stress patterns.

Concerns the long-distance assimilatory processes in which segments gain similar features to become more alike within certain spans.

A theory that departs from linear representations of segments and instead posits a hierarchical structure for phonological units.

Introduces the concept that features or properties of speech are represented on multiple tiers which function autonomously.

Advocates for the presence of distinct phonological strata or layers within the lexicon, each with its own rules and representations.

This model focuses on the role of gestures, which are movements of the articulators, in the production of phonological segments and features.

This theory combines phonological processes and morphological structure to understand the representation and realisation of lexical items.

A theoretical framework viewing segments as composed of a small set of primitive elements, each contributing specific phonetic properties.

A theory that breaks down the phonemes (or segments) of all languages into a set of distinctive features.

This approach uses diacritics or additional signs to indicate phonetic or phonemic sub-properties of segments in linguistic analysis.

An umbrella term for phonological theories that consider the hierarchical and multi-dimensional properties of features, rather than seeing them as linear sequences.

A theory that emphasizes the role of frequency of use and the cognitive processes of perception and production in shaping phonological structures and patterns.

This approach stresses the importance of phonetic and phonological properties as they are actually pronounced, or appear on the 'surface'.

Focuses on understanding phonology in the context of cognitive processes, suggesting that phonological knowledge is shaped by cognitive capacities and patterns of use.

Engages with phonological problems by defining how constraints limit and define what is phonologically possible within a language.

This model posits that speakers store detailed information about phonetic variations they encounter, with frequently encountered forms becoming central exemplars in their mental lexicon.

A theory that analyzes the timing and structure of syllables using the concept of the 'mora', a unit smaller than the syllable.