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Determinants of health are the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status. They are categorized broadly as: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and individual characteristics and behaviors.

Health equity refers to the principle underlying a commitment to reduce and, ultimately, eliminate disparities in health and its determinants that adversely affect excluded or marginalized groups.

Health impact assessment is a process that helps policymakers identify the potential health effects of a proposed policy, program, or project in order to maximize positive health outcomes.

Healthcare financing refers to the mechanism by which resources are allocated to the health sector and medical services are paid for, including methods like taxation, insurance, and out-of-pocket payments.

Health information systems are systems for the collection, processing, and analysis of health data that inform policy formulation and ensure the delivery of effective, efficient, and quality health services.

Evidence-based policy involves making decisions based on the best available, primarily scientific, evidence. Its significance lies in its potential to produce more effective and efficient health outcomes.

Healthcare quality improvement refers to systematic efforts to make changes that lead to better patient outcomes, stronger system performance, and enhanced professional development.

Health policy formulation is the process of developing strategies and plans to achieve specific health care goals within a society. It involves the identification of issues, policy analysis, and the creation of proposals to address health challenges.

Universal health coverage means that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative health services they need while being protected from financial hardship.

Access to healthcare concerns the ease with which individuals can obtain needed medical services. It encompasses availability, affordability, and acceptability of services, significantly affecting health outcomes.

The primary healthcare approach emphasizes early intervention and prevention through basic, universally accessible services. It considers health beyond just the absence of disease, incorporating well-being and quality of life.

Human resources for health entails the workforce that provides health services. The significance lies in the planning, development, and distribution of healthcare professionals to meet population health needs.

Health legislations and regulations encompass the laws and rules set by government to control the delivery of healthcare services, ensuring compliance with ethical standards, quality of care, and safety.

Health risk assessment is a method used to evaluate the risk factors that may compromise the health of individuals or populations and to develop strategies to mitigate those risks.

Health technology assessment is the systematic evaluation of the properties and impacts of health technology, primarily to inform policy making on the development and use of such technologies.

Preventive health policies are strategies designed to prevent disease, injury, and other health issues before they occur. These policies can save lives and reduce healthcare costs by addressing health problems in their early stages or before they start.

Mental health policy concerns the design, implementation, and evaluation of strategies and programs that promote mental health, prevent mental illness, and ensure access to appropriate mental health services.