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Insect Vectors of Disease

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Anopheles Mosquito

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Spreads diseases in animals, particularly malaria in humans, caused by Plasmodium parasites.

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Thrips

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Transmit tospoviruses, which cause diseases like Tomato spotted wilt, characterized by ring spots on fruits and stunted growth.

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Tsetse Fly

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Spread of African Trypanosomiasis in animals and humans, leading to fever, headaches, and if left untreated, can cause severe neurological disorders.

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Spotted Wing Drosophila

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While not a vector for plant diseases, it is a pest as it lays eggs in ripening fruit, particularly berries, causing fruit to become soft and unmarketable.

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Fall Armyworm

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A pest known for rapid population growth and causing widespread damage to crops such as maize, rice, and sorghum, but does not transmit diseases.

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Soybean Aphid

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Not a disease vector, but an invasive pest in North America causing stunting and decreased yield in soybean crops through feeding on sap and potentially spreading viruses.

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Japanese Beetle

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Not a disease carrier but a serious pest causing defoliation of multiple crops, including roses and grapevines, leading to reduced fruit production.

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Varroa Destructor

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Not a disease vector, but a parasitic mite of honeybees which can transmit viruses such as Deformed wing virus, and weakens bee colonies.

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Colorado Potato Beetle

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Not a disease vector but causes significant damage to potato crops by defoliation, leading to reduced tuber yields.

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Asian Citrus Psyllid

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Vector for Huanglongbing or citrus greening disease, causing leaf mottle, stunted trees, and ultimately fruit that is unsuitable for sale.

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Beet Leafhopper

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Carries the Beet curly top virus, impacting vegetables and beans, leading to leaf curling, stunting, and reduced yields.

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Fruit Fly

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Some species can spread diseases in fruit crops, like the Bactrocera dorsalis, which transmits bacterial and fungal pathogens by infesting and damaging fruit.

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Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

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Not a known disease vector, but a significant agricultural pest causing direct damage by feeding on fruits and leading to decay.

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Leafhopper

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Vectors many plant pathogens like Aster yellows, which result in stunted growth, malformed flowers, and overall reduced crop yields.

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Western Corn Rootworm

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A pest that damages the roots of corn plants, leading to lodging and reduced nutrient uptake, but not a disease vector.

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Aphid

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Transmission of plant viruses such as the Cucumber mosaic virus, leading to yellowing of leaves and reduced crop yields.

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Corn Earworm

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Not a vector for disease, but a major agricultural pest feeding on a variety of plants, particularly corn, where it damages ears and reduces grain quality and yield.

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Whitefly

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Vectors for several plant viruses, such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which causes stunting, yellowing of leaves, and can result in total crop loss in severe cases.

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Boll Weevil

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This insect is known for attacking cotton buds and bolls, leading to significant impact on the cotton industry; it is not a disease vector.

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European Corn Borer

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This moth larva bores into corn stalks, not spreading diseases but weakening plants and reducing yields.

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