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Soil moisture content is measured to determine the amount of water present in the soil, ensuring that irrigation is done effectively without overwatering or underwatering. It is vital for preventing water wastage and ensuring plant health.

Catchment tests involve collecting and measuring water from sprinklers to assess irrigation system performance and calculate distribution uniformity. This test is crucial for identifying areas of under- or over-irrigation.

Flow rate measurement is crucial for determining how much water moves through an irrigation system over a given period, usually measured in gallons per minute or liters per second. It is essential for calculating application rates and ensuring efficient water usage.

Pressure gauges are used to measure the water pressure in an irrigation system, which can affect distribution uniformity and efficiency. Consistent pressure is crucial for the proper functioning of sprinklers and drip systems.

An irrigation audit is a process that evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness of an irrigation system. It includes checking for leaks, examining equipment, and assessing DU and scheduling. It is significant for maintaining system performance and reducing water use.

Irrigation scheduling involves determining the correct timing and amount of water to be applied to the crops based on soil moisture content, plant requirements, and climatic conditions. Proper scheduling maximizes water use efficiency and yields.

Visual inspection is a basic but crucial part of the irrigation audit that involves looking for signs of system damage, misaligned sprinkler heads, or other issues that can affect performance. Regular inspection helps prevent efficiency losses.

The application rate is the speed at which water is applied to a given area, usually expressed in inches per hour. It is important to match the soil's infiltration rate to prevent runoff or under-irrigation.