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Irrigation Systems Overview

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Surface Irrigation

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Method where water flows over the soil by gravity. Advantages: Simple, low-cost, suitable for large fields. Disadvantages: Inefficient water use, potential for runoff and erosion.

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Localized Irrigation

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Delivering water directly to the roots of each plant. Advantages: Reduces water use, allows for specific application rates. Disadvantages: Needs a sophisticated system of valves and tubing, high maintenance.

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Terraced Irrigation

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Ancient irrigation method on sloped land, with water flowing from upper to lower terraces. Advantages: Effective use of hillside runoff, soil erosion control. Disadvantages: Labor-intensive construction, maintenance can be difficult.

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Sprinkler Irrigation

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A method that simulates natural rainfall by distributing water through a system of pipes and sprinklers. Advantages: Uniform water distribution, suitable for various terrains. Disadvantages: Higher cost, water loss due to evaporation.

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Subsurface Irrigation

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Irrigation method where water is applied below the soil surface. Advantages: Minimal evaporation, reduced weed growth, suitable for windy areas. Disadvantages: High installation cost, root intrusion can be a problem, complex management.

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Center Pivot Irrigation

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An automated sprinkler irrigation method with rotating equipment. Advantages: Automated, efficient for large fields, reduces labor. Disadvantages: Expensive equipment, may not be suitable for irregularly shaped fields.

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Flood Irrigation

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Flooding fields with water allowing it to soak in. Advantages: Simple, mimics natural floodplains, uniform field saturation. Disadvantages: Requires a lot of water, not suitable for all crops, possible salinization.

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Automatic Micro-Irrigation

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A system of irrigation that uses timers and control systems to provide regular, small amounts of water. Advantages: High efficiency, reduced water consumption, and labor. Disadvantages: High cost of automation, complex installation and maintenance.

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Drip Irrigation

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Precise application of water at the plant's root zone through emitters. Advantages: Water efficiency, reduced weed growth, suited for uneven terrain. Disadvantages: High initial cost, maintenance of emitters, risk of clogging.

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Manual Irrigation

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Watering crops by hand using buckets, watering cans, or hosepipes. Advantages: Low-tech, minimal investment, high control over water distribution. Disadvantages: Highly labor-intensive, not practical for large areas.

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